Chapter 10: Health Problems of Infants

Chapter 10: Health Problems of Infants

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Recent studies indicate that a deficiency of which vitamin correlates with increased morbidity and mortality in children with measles?

a.	A
b.	C
c.	Niacin
d.	Folic acid

 

 

ANS:  A

Vitamin A deficiency is correlated with increased morbidity and mortality in children with measles. This vitamin deficiency also is associated with complications from diarrhea, and infections are often increased in infants and children with vitamin A deficiency. No correlation exists between vitamin C, niacin, or folic acid and measles.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remember            REF:   p. 331

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

 

2. Which vitamin is recommended for all women of childbearing age to reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida?

a.	A
b.	C
c.	Niacin
d.	Folic acid

 

 

ANS:  D

The vitamin supplement that is recommended for all women of childbearing age is a daily dose of 0.4 mg of folic acid. Folic acid taken before conception and during pregnancy can reduce the risk of neural tube defects by 70%. No correlation exists between vitamins A, C, or folic acid and neural tube defects.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remember            REF:   p. 331

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

 

3. A nurse is assessing a child with kwashiorkor disease. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect?

a.	Thin wasted extremities with a prominent abdomen
b.	Constipation
c.	Elevated hemoglobin
d.	High levels of protein

 

 

ANS:  A

The child with kwashiorkor has thin, wasted extremities and a prominent abdomen from edema (ascites). Diarrhea (persistent diarrhea malnutrition syndrome) not constipation commonly occurs from a lowered resistance to infection and further complicates the electrolyte imbalance. Anemia and protein deficiency are common findings in malnourished children with kwashiorkor.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand            REF:   p. 332

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

 

4. A nurse is preparing to accompany a medical mission’s team to a third world country. Marasmus is seen frequently in children 6 months to 2 years in this country. Which symptoms should the nurse expect for this condition?

a.	Loose, wrinkled skin
b.	Edematous skin
c.	Depigmentation of the skin
d.	Dermatoses

 

 

ANS:  A

Marasmus is characterized by gradual wasting and atrophy of body tissues, especially of subcutaneous fat. The child appears to be very old, with loose and wrinkled skin, unlike the child with kwashiorkor, who appears more rounded from the edema. Fat metabolism is less impaired than in kwashiorkor; thus, deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins is usually minimal or absent. In general, the clinical manifestations of marasmus are similar to those seen in kwashiorkor with the following exceptions: With marasmus, there is no edema from hypoalbuminemia or sodium retention, which contributes to a severely emaciated appearance; no dermatoses caused by vitamin deficiencies; little or no depigmentation of hair or skin; moderately normal fat metabolism and lipid absorption; and a smaller head size and slower recovery after treatment.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand            REF:   p. 332

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

 

5. Rickets is caused by a deficiency in:

a.	vitamin A.
b.	vitamin C.
c.	vitamin D and calcium.
d.	folic acid and iron.

 

 

ANS:  C

Fat-soluble vitamin D and calcium are necessary in adequate amounts to prevent the development of rickets. No correlation exists between vitamins A, C, folic acid, or iron and rickets.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remember            REF:   p. 330

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:   Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity