Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
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Chapter 11- Disorders of White Blood Cells and Lymphoid Tissues
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | Cytokines that affect hematopoiesis in bone marrow are called colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) based on their ability to: | |
| A) | Support lymphocytes | |
| B) | Differentiate red cells | |
| C) | Regulate blood cells | |
| D) | Stimulate lymphocytes | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| CSFs stimulate and regulate the growth of hematopoietic cell colonies from bone marrow precursors. Interleukins support the development of lymphocytes. CSFs do not have a role in differentiation. Lymphocyte stimulation occurs in the lymphoid tissues. | ||
| 2. | Which of the following genes for the hematopoietic growth factors has been cloned and its recombinant protein is now used to treat anemia of kidney failure and cancer? | |
| A) | Epogen (EPO) | |
| B) | Immunoglobulin genes | |
| C) | Monoclonal immunoglobulin | |
| D) | Interleukins (IL-3) | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The genes for most hematopoietic growth factors have been cloned, and their recombinant proteins have been generated for use in a wide range of clinical conditions. The clinically useful factors include EPO. It is used for treatment of bone marrow failure caused by chemotherapy or aplastic anemia and the anemia of kidney failure and cancer. Immunoglobulin genes, monoclonal immunoglobulin, and interleukins (IL-3) are not given for anemia. | ||
| 3. | Leukocytes consist of three categories of cells that have different roles in the inflammatory and immune responses. Which of the following leukocytes is correctly matched with its function? | |
| A) | Lymphocyte—phagocytosis | |
| B) | Eosinophils—allergic reactions | |
| C) | Basophils—engulf antigens | |
| D) | Monocytes—release heparin | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Eosinophils, a type of granulocyte, increase in number during allergic reactions. Lymphocytes (agranulocytes) consist of three cell types that are not phagocytes but do have an important role in the immune response. Basophils and mast cells release heparin and histamine in response to allergens. Monocytes and macrophages are phagocytes that engulf antigens. | ||
| 4. | A client asks, “What do these basophils and mast cells do in the body?” The health care provider responds that they: | |
| A) | Are involved when you have an allergic reaction | |
| B) | Stiffen your cell membranes so bacteria cannot enter | |
| C) | Help your body to eliminate parasitic infections | |
| D) | Help your body produce immune responses | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The basophil, which is a blood cell, is related to the connective tissue mast cell that contains similar granules. Both the basophils and mast cells are thought to be involved in allergic and hypersensitivity reactions. These cells do not stiffen the cell membranes. In parasitic infections, the eosinophils use surface markers to attach themselves to the parasite and then release hydrolytic enzymes that kill it. Lymphocytes migrate through the peripheral lymphoid organs, where they recognize antigens and participate in immune responses. | ||
| 5. | T-cell lymphocytes leave the bone marrow and travel to the thymus. If successful, they differentiate into which of the following cells? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | CD4+ helper T cells | |
| B) | Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) | |
| C) | Hematopoietic stem cell | |
| D) | Kupffer cells | |
| E) | CD8+ cytotoxic T cells | |
| Ans: | A, E | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The body’s lymphatic system consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissue, and lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. T lymphocytes leave the bone marrow as precursor T lymphocytes travel to the thymus, where they differentiate into CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, after which many of them move to lymph nodes, where they undergo further proliferation. Infectious mononucleosis is a self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus family. Kupffer cells of the liver are not a component of the lymphatic system. The human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1), which is endemic in the southwestern islands of Japan, has been associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. | ||
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