Chapter 11: Health Problems of the Infant

Chapter 11: Health Problems of the Infant

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Rickets is caused by a deficiency in what?

a.	Vitamin A
b.	Vitamin C
c.	Folic acid and iron
d.	Vitamin D and calcium

 

 

ANS:  D

Fat-soluble vitamin D and calcium are necessary in adequate amounts to prevent rickets. No correlation exists between rickets and folic acid, iron, or vitamins A and C.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering        REF:   p. 452

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

 

2. Which factors will decrease iron absorption and should not be given at the same time as an iron supplement?

a.	Milk
b.	Fruit juice
c.	Multivitamin
d.	Meat, fish, poultry

 

 

ANS:  A

Many foods interfere with iron absorption and should be avoided when iron is consumed. These foods include phosphates found in milk, phytates found in cereals, and oxalates found in many vegetables. Vitamin C–containing juices enhance the absorption of iron. Multivitamins may contain iron; no contraindication exists to taking the two together. Meat, fish, and poultry do not affect absorption.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding       REF:   p. 454             TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

 

3. The nurse is helping parents achieve a more nutritionally adequate vegetarian diet for their children. Which is most likely lacking in their particular diet?

a.	Fat
b.	Protein
c.	Vitamins C and A
d.	Iron and calcium

 

 

ANS:  D

Deficiencies can occur when various substances in the diet interact with minerals. For example, iron, zinc, and calcium can form insoluble complexes with phytates or oxalates (substances found in plant proteins), which impair the bioavailability of the mineral. This type of interaction is important in vegetarian diets because plant foods such as soy are high in phytates. Fat and vitamins C and A are readily available from vegetable sources. Plant proteins are available.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   p. 454

TOP:   Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

 

4. A 1-year-old child is on a pure vegetarian (vegan) diet. This diet requires supplementation with what?

a.	Niacin
b.	Folic acid
c.	Vitamins D and B12
d.	Vitamins C and E

 

 

ANS:  C

Pure vegetarian (vegan) diets eliminate any food of animal origin, including milk and eggs. These diets require supplementation with many vitamins, especially vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, riboflavin, vitamin D, iron, and zinc. Niacin, folic acid, and vitamins C and E are readily obtainable from foods of vegetable origin.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   p. 453             TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

 

5. What is marasmus?

a.	Deficiency of protein with an adequate supply of calories
b.	Syndrome that results solely from vitamin deficiencies
c.	Not confined to geographic areas where food supplies are inadequate
d.	Characterized by thin, wasted extremities and a prominent abdomen resulting from edema (ascites)

 

 

ANS:  C

Marasmus is a syndrome of emotional and physical deprivation. It is not confined to geographic areas were food supplies are inadequate. Marasmus is characterized by gradual wasting and atrophy of body tissues, especially of subcutaneous fat. The child appears old, with flabby and wrinkled skin. Marasmus is a deficiency of both protein and calories.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding       REF:   p. 456

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity