Chapter 12: Cardiovascular and Renal Medications

Chapter 12: Cardiovascular and Renal Medications

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A nurse is visiting an 80-year-old female patient in her home. She is receiving 0.15 mg of oral digoxin daily. She also takes hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg twice a day. She complains of blurred vision and nausea. The nurse observes that she is confused and disoriented at times. Which is most likely to be the problem?

ANS:  B

Cardiotonics are very powerful and can act as poisons on the heart. When a patient begins to show toxic or harmful reactions from too much medication, the term digitalis toxicity is used.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply                   REF:   p. 216             OBJ:   2

TOP:   Cardiotonic Reactions                     KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies

2. The physician has started a patient on propranolol (Inderal LA), a beta blocker. The nurse knows this drug is used in the treatment of migraine headaches and which other conditions?

ANS:  A

Propranolol (Inderal LA) is a class II beta blocker used in the treatment of migraines and angina.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand            REF:   Table 12-4      OBJ:   5

TOP:   Beta Blockers                                 KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Diagnosis

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

3. The physician tells the nurse that a patient is hypokalemic. He has been taking a thiazide medication for treatment of his high blood pressure. Which should the nurse instruct him to increase his dietary intake of?

ANS:  C

Thiazide may lead to significant loss of potassium. The patient should take the medication with a full glass of orange juice (unless not permitted by his or her diet). Other potassium-rich foods include bananas.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply                   REF:   p. 220 | p. 229

OBJ:   6                    TOP:   Thiazides       KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

4. A patient has an acute myocardial infarction. Her electrocardiogram is normal except for a heart rate of 150 beats per minute. Her physician prescribes digoxin in both an initial “digitalizing” dose and a daily maintenance dose so that which will occur?

ANS:  A

The nurse should know about two different types of dosages for patients taking digoxin: the initial digitalizing dose and maintenance doses. More frequent and higher digitalizing doses are given when a patient begins taking digoxin so that a specific level of medication can be reached in the blood. Smaller maintenance doses are given once a day to maintain the blood level.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analyze                REF:   pp. 216-217    OBJ:   4

TOP:   Slowing Heart Rate                         KEY:  Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

5. A patient has acute angina upon exercise. The physician starts this patient on a long-acting nitrate. This medication is used for acute angina for which reasons?

ANS:  B

Long-acting nitrates are used to prevent or treat angina attacks when they are likely to occur with exercise.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply                   REF:   p. 202             OBJ:   1

TOP:   Nitrates          KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care