Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Disorders

Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Disorders

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Data concerning coronary artery disease (CAD) and specific risk factors have demonstrated

ANS:  C

Research and epidemiologic data collected during the past 50 years have demonstrated a strong association between specific risk factors and the development of CAD. In general, CAD symptoms are seen in persons age 45 years and older. Primary cardiovascular risk factors are different in men and women, with women having higher rates of diabetes and hypertension compared with men.

2. Which of the following values, when elevated, places the patient at lowest risk for CAD?

ANS:  D

All of the reasons are not completely understood, but one recognized physiologic effect is the ability of HDL to promote the efflux of cholesterol from cells. This process may minimize the accumulation of foam cells in the artery wall and thus decrease the risk of developing atherosclerosis. High HDL levels confer both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits on the arterial wall. In contrast, a low HDL level is an independent risk factor for the development of CAD and other atherosclerotic conditions.

3. One differentiating factor between stable angina and unstable angina is that stable angina

ANS:  A

Pain control is achieved by rest and by sublingual nitroglycerin within 5 minutes. Stable angina is the result of fixed lesions (blockages) of more than 75% of the coronary artery lumen. Ischemia and chest pain occur when myocardial demand from exertion exceeds the fixed blood oxygen supply.

4. Nursing management of the patient with angina is directed toward

ANS:  C

Nursing interventions focus on early identification of myocardial ischemia, control of chest pain, recognition of complications, maintenance of a calm environment, and patient and family education. It is important to document the characteristics of the pain and the patient’s heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure, respirations, temperature, skin color, peripheral pulses, urine output, mentation, and overall tissue perfusion.

5. One of the reasons that contributes to higher mortality rates from acute MI in women is:

ANS:  A

Risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction (MI) more strongly in women than in men include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alcohol intake, and physical inactivity. Many reasons contribute to higher mortality rates from acute MI in women, and these include waiting longer to seek medical care, having smaller coronary arteries, being older when symptoms occur, and experiencing very different symptoms from those of men of the same age