Chapter 12--Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Chapter 12–Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse is concerned that a client can become dehydrated when which of the following is assessed?

1.	History of arthritis
2.	Appendicitis diagnosis 3 years ago
3.	Age 30
4.	Obese female

 

 

ANS:  4

An adult female has 50% of body weight that is fluid. Adipose cells contain less fluid than other cells. Females have more fat cells than males. Overweight people have less body fluid than thin people. A history of arthritis and appendicitis does not predispose the client to dehydration.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Fluid Balance

 

2. A client has lost a significant amount of blood. The nurse realizes that the fluid compartment most effected with the blood loss will be:

1.	intracellular.
2.	interstitial.
3.	intravascular.
4.	transcellular.

 

 

ANS:  3

Intravascular fluid is the fluid in the bloodstream. Intracellular fluid is the fluid inside each cell. Interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells. Transcellular fluid is the fluid outside all of the other fluid compartments, and it includes cerebrospinal fluid, joint fluid, and fluid within the gastrointestinal tract.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Fluid Balance

 

3. A client is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. Which of the following electrolytes should the nurse monitor for this client?

1.	Hydrogen
2.	Phosphorus
3.	Calcium
4.	Vitamin D

 

 

ANS:  1

The kidneys contribute to the regulation of electrolyte levels. Two electrolytes regulated by the kidneys are hydrogen and bicarbonate. The kidneys do not directly influence a client’s phosphorus level. The kidneys affect calcium by activation of vitamin D; however, the kidneys do not regulate calcium levels. Vitamin D is not an electrolyte.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Control of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

 

4. A client had a 2 kg weight loss in one day. The nurse realizes this change in weight is due to:

1.	fluid loss.
2.	poor appetite.
3.	medications.
4.	bed rest.

 

 

ANS:  1

A weight loss of more than 0.5 kg over 24 hours generally is the result of fluid loss and not of body mass. The client would not lose 2 kgs of body weight because of poor appetite, medications, or bed rest.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze

REF:   Fluid Imbalances: Assessment with Clinical Manifestations

 

5. A client has a serum sodium level of 129 mEq/L. The nurse should prepare to administer which of the following intravenous solutions?

1.	Dextrose 5% and Lactated Ringer
2.	Dextrose 5% and 0.45% Normal Saline
3.	0.9% Normal Saline
4.	Dextrose 5% and 0.9% Normal Saline

 

 

ANS:  3

Normal saline (0.9%) is commonly provided to restore extracellular fluid volume and increase sodium levels. Dextrose 5% and Lactated Ringers, Dextrose 5% and 0.45% Normal Saline, and Dextrose 5% and 0.9% Normal Saline are hypertonic solutions, and they will move water from the cells into the bloodstream.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Apply

REF:   Table 12-3 Isotonic IV Solutions; Table 12-4 Hypertonic IV Solutions