Chapter 12: HIV Disease and AIDS

Chapter 12: HIV Disease and AIDS

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An effective HIV vaccine is difficult to produce, primarily because
a. HIV is not immunogenic.
b. B cells are unable to produce antibodies against HIV.
c. HIV mutates frequently.
d. reverse transcriptase cleaves to the vaccine.
ANS: C
The variability between strains of HIV and the frequency of mutations makes it difficult to produce a vaccine. HIV infection does
not overwhelm the immune system, because it is an immune deficiency. Research is still being conducted to develop a vaccine.
Researchers are testing cloned T-cells for response to new therapies. Reverse transcriptase is not proven to adhere to the vaccine.
REF: Pg. 254
2. An HIV-positive patient is hospitalized for evaluation of symptoms of progressive weakness, dyspnea, weight loss, and low-grade
fever. A biopsy of lung tissue reveals Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. This diagnosis means that the patient
a. has AIDS.
b. has less than 2 years to live.
c. cannot be treated.
d. was an intravenous drug abuser.
ANS: A
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a common initial opportunistic infection in HIV and is an AIDS-defining diagnosis. A
diagnosis of PCP is not associated with a life-expectancy of 2 years or less. PCP is treated with antibiotic therapy. PCP is a
pulmonary manifestation of AIDS, which is not associated with intravenous drug abuse.
REF: Pg. 247
3. The immune system disorder associated with HIV is
a. an overactive B-cell system.
b. proliferation of immature WBCs (blasts).
c. deficiency of T-helper lymphocytes.
d. cancerous growth of lymph tissue.
ANS: C
HIV has been identified as a type of retrovirus associated with a disorder of the T-helper lymphocytes. T-cells have an interaction
with B-cells, but this relationship is not associated with HIV. Immature blast cells are not the deficiency that contributes to HIV.
Cancerous growths of lymphatic tissue have not been found to be the source of HIV.
REF: Pg. 233
4. Which statement best describes the etiologic development and transmission of AIDS?
a. AIDS is caused by a retrovirus and transmitted through body fluids.
b. The mechanism of AIDS transmission is unknown; therefore, AIDS is considered
to be highly contagious.
c. AIDS is an autoimmune disease triggered by a homosexual lifestyle.
d. AIDS is caused by a virus that can be transmitted only by sexual contact.
ANS: A
AIDS is caused by an infection of HIV, which is proven to be transmitted through blood and body fluids. The mechanism of HIV
transmission is known to be through blood and body fluid exposure, newborn infection from the mother, and unprotected sex with
an infected partner. AIDS is not an autoimmune disease of the homosexual. HIV can be transmitted through unprotected
intercourse. HIV is a virus that is transmitted through various routes, not sexual contact only.
REF: Pgs. 236-237
5. HIV infection of T-helper cells is facilitated by attachment of the viral envelope protein gp120 to
a. CD8 proteins on suppressor cells.
b. reverse transcriptase.
c. CD4 proteins on helper cells.
d. the macrophage lipid bilayer.
ANS: C
The HIV envelope protein gp120 specifically binds to the CD4 receptor. The receptor cells of the CD4 cells are attracted to virus
changes. Reverse transcriptase is not found to be attracted to the gp120 protein at this time. The macrophage lipid bilayer is not
associated with the CD4 receptor.