Chapter 12. Stress & Adaptation

Chapter 12. Stress & Adaptation

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. When released in response to alarm, which of the following substances promotes a sense of well-being?

ANS:  C

Endorphins act like opiates to produce a sense of well-being; they are released by the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland in response to alarm. Aldosterone promotes fluid retention by increasing the reabsorption of water by renal tubules. Thyroid-stimulating hormone increases the efficiency of cellular metabolism and fat conversion to energy for cell and muscle needs. Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids.

Difficulty: Moderate

Client Need: PHSI

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

PTS:   1

2. After sustaining injuries in a motor vehicle accident, a patient experiences a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate despite surgical intervention and fluid resuscitation. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the patient most likely experiencing?

ANS:  C

Physiological responses in the exhaustion stage include low blood pressure and high respiratory and heart rates. During the alarm stage, heart rate and blood pressure both increase. In the resistance stage, the body tries to maintain homeostasis; blood pressure and heart rate normalize. If adaptation is successful, recovery takes place.

Difficulty: Difficult

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Need: PHSI

Cognitive Level: Analysis

PTS:   1

3. You are caring for a patient who suddenly experiences a cardiac arrest. As you respond to this emergency, which substance will your body secrete in large amounts to help prepare you to react in this situation?

ANS:  A

During the shock phase of the general adaptation syndrome, epinephrine prepares the body to react in an emergency situation by increasing heart rate and blood pressure. In response to the epinephrine release, the endocrine system releases corticotrophin-releasing hormone, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone.

Difficulty: Moderate

Client Need: PHSI

Cognitive Level: Application

PTS:   1

4. What is the function of antidiuretic hormone when released in the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

ANS:  A

Antidiuretic hormone promotes fluid retention by increasing the reabsorption of water by kidney tubules. Thyroid-stimulating hormone increases efficiency of cellular metabolism and fat conversion to energy for cells and muscle. Cortisol increases the use of fats and proteins for energy and conserves glucose for use by the brain. Aldosterone promotes fluid retention by causing the kidneys to reabsorb more sodium.

Difficulty: Moderate

Client Need: PHSI

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

PTS:   1