Fundamental Nursing Skills and Concept 10th Edition Timby
Fundamental Nursing Skills and Concept 10th Edition Timby
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Chapter 12- Vital Signs
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | A nurse is caring for a client with subnormal temperature. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform to provide heat to the client’s internal organs? | |
| A) | Raise the room temperature | |
| B) | Provide warm fluids | |
| C) | Apply layers of dry clothing | |
| D) | Warm blankets in a blanket warmer | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The nurse should provide the client with warm fluids because fluids conduct heat to internal organs. Raising the room temperature warms the body surface, not the internal organs, whereas applying layers of dry clothing helps trap body heat next to the skin. Warming blankets and clothing in a blanket warmer or microwave helps to raise the temperature of woven fabrics and thus body surfaces, but not necessarily the temperature of organs. | ||
| 2. | A nurse is assessing a client’s vital signs at a health care facility. The nurse observes that the client is sweating profusely. Which of the following causes a client to sweat? | |
| A) | Medulla | |
| B) | Hypothalamus | |
| C) | Cerebellum | |
| D) | Pituitary gland | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The anterior hypothalamus promotes heat loss through vasodilation and sweating. In humans, the hypothalamus acts as the center for temperature regulation. The posterior hypothalamus promotes heat conservation and heat production. The medulla, which contains the respiratory center in the brain, controls ventilation whereas the pituitary gland secretes hormones for a variety of regulatory functions. The cerebellum regulates balance. | ||
| 3. | A nurse is caring for a client who has a lack of appetite. Which of the following is most likely to influence a client’s core body temperature? | |
| A) | Minerals | |
| B) | Proteins | |
| C) | Fiber | |
| D) | Vitamins | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The nurse should recommend an increase in protein in the client’s diet as it has the greatest thermic effect. Food intake, or lack of it, affects thermogenesis or heat production. When a person consumes food, the body requires energy to digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store nutrients. Thus, both the amount and the type of food eaten affect body temperature. Dietary restrictions can contribute to decreased body heat as a result of reduced processing of nutrients. Increased intake of fiber would lead to decreased heat production. Vitamins and minerals would not help in increasing the client’s appetite, nor would they affect temperature. | ||
| 4. | A nurse is caring for a newborn. The nurse knows that the body temperature of infants is prone to fluctuations. Which of these is the most probable cause for fluctuations in the infant’s body temperature? | |
| A) | Large amount of subcutaneous white adipocytes or fat cells | |
| B) | Increased ability to shiver and perspire | |
| C) | Ability to independently forestall or reverse heat loss or gain | |
| D) | Great surface area relative to mass and very high metabolic rate | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Newborns and young infants tend to experience temperature fluctuations because they have a three times greater surface area relative to their mass from which heat is lost and a metabolic rate twice that of adults. Infants and older adults have difficulty maintaining normal body temperature because they have limited, not large, amounts of subcutaneous white adipocytes, fat cells that provide heat insulation and cushioning of internal structures. The ability of both young and old to shiver and perspire also may be inadequate, putting them at risk for abnormally low or high body temperatures. Infants and older adults are less able to independently forestall or reverse heat loss or gain than are other clients. However, the main cause for fluctuations in infants’ body temperature is because they have a three times greater surface area relative to their mass from which heat is lost and a metabolic rate twice that of adults. | ||
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