Chapter 13: Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Chapter 13: Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the
a. bone marrow.
b. kidney.
c. lung.
d. liver.
ANS: B
Erythropoietin is a hormone that is secreted into the bloodstream by the kidney. Bone marrow is not responsible for the production
of erythropoietin. Hypoxia from low hemoglobin levels causes a decrease in tissue oxygen tension in the kidney, thereby releasing
the hormone erythropoietin. The liver is not associated with erythropoietin production.
REF: Pg. 261
2. Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count?
a. Renal disease
b. Aplastic anemia
c. Hypertension
d. Hemolytic anemia
ANS: D
Hemolytic anemia is associated with an increased number of circulating reticulocytes or reticulocytosis. Anemia of chronic renal
failure is not associated with reticulocytosis. Rather, it occurs from failure of the renal endocrine function. Aplastic anemia is a stem
cell disorder that is characterized by pancytopenia, a decrease in red cells, white cells, and platelets. Hypertension is not related to
reticulocytosis.
REF: Pg. 280
3. The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the
a. Bohr effect.
b. oxygen-hemoglobin affinity.
c. dissociation curve.
d. hemoglobin synthesis.
ANS: B
The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is called the oxygen-hemoglobin affinity. Hemoglobin saturation is
higher when oxygen infinity is increased, and saturation is lower when affinity is decreased. The Bohr effect occurs when the
oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve experiences a shift due to changes in PCO2 and H+ concentration. The dissociation curve
describes the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and hemoglobin saturation. Hemoglobin synthesis occurs in the
immature red cell.
REF: Pg. 265
4. An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with
a. hyperthermia.
b. shift to the right.
c. elevated PCO2.
d. shift to the left.
ANS: D
An increase in oxygen affinity is known as a shift to the left on the dissociation curve. Hyperthermia does not have an effect on the
hemoglobin affinity. Elevation in PCO2 is seen with changes in pH. A decrease in the oxygen affinity is associated with a shift to
the right on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
REF: Pg. 267
5. What is necessary for red blood cell production?
a. Phosphate
b. Iron
c. Magnesium
d. Calcium
ANS: B
Immature red blood cells produce hemoglobin, which is composed of two pairs of polypeptide chains, the globins. Each globin has
an attached heme molecule that contains iron. Dietary iron is transported through the plasma on the RBC membrane. Phosphates are
not a necessary component of red blood cell production. Magnesium is not a part of the production of red blood cells. Calcium is
not involved in red blood cell production.