Chapter 13: Drug Therapy for Diabetes

Chapter 13: Drug Therapy for Diabetes

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

BASIC CONCEPTS

1. What is the main role of insulin in glucose (carbohydrate) metabolism?

ANS:  B

Many body cells have membranes that do not allow glucose to move into the cells to participate in metabolism. When insulin binds to membrane insulin receptors, the membranes become more open to glucose, allowing it to enter.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering        REF:   p. 220

2. By which action does insulin lower blood glucose levels?

ANS:  B

When insulin binds to insulin receptors on cells, the cells’ membranes become more open (permeable) to glucose and glucose transport proteins in the cell membranes become more active. The overall result is movement of glucose into the cells, which lowers blood glucose levels.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering        REF:   p. 220

3. Which term means an elevated blood sugar (glucose) level?

ANS:  D

Glycogen is a stored form of human carbohydrate. Euglycemia means a blood sugar level within the normal range. Hypoglycemia is a lower than normal blood sugar level.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering        REF:   p. 210

4. Which hormone has an action opposite to the action of insulin?

ANS:  B

Glucagon, which is known as the hormone of starvation, is secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are lower than normal. Glucagon goes to the liver and triggers the breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose into the blood, raising the blood glucose level. These actions are exactly the opposite of insulin’s actions.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering        REF:   p. 212

5. What is the main reason that insulin is needed as drug therapy for people who have type 1 diabetes?

ANS:  A

With type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed and no longer produce any insulin. Insulin is necessary for life, so drug therapy for type 1 diabetes requires insulin. People who have type 2 diabetes often continue to secrete insulin from their beta cells, thus extra insulin may not be needed. Drugs for this condition often work by forcing the beta cells to release the patient’s own insulin.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering        REF:   p. 212