Chapter 14: Fluids and Electrolytes

Chapter 14: Fluids and Electrolytes

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. A nurse assesses that a patient’s urine has become much more concentrated. What is the most likely cause for the change?

a.	Adrenaline
b.	Aldosterone
c.	Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d.	Insulin

 

 

ANS:  B

Aldosterone acts on the kidney tubules, affecting water retention and its attendant urine concentration.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 195             OBJ:   6

TOP:   Urine Concentration                        KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. When the water absorption in the renal tubules becomes greater than normal, what assessment finding should a nurse anticipate?

a.	More concentrated urine
b.	Less concentrated urine
c.	More alkaline urine
d.	Less alkaline urine

 

 

ANS:  A

When more water is kept back in the body, the water left to form urine is less; therefore, the urine is more concentrated.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   p. 195             OBJ:   6

TOP:   Water Reabsorption by Kidney        KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

3. What process occurs when oxygen is directed out of the arteries and into the capillaries?

a.	Active transport
b.	Diffusion
c.	Filtration
d.	Osmosis

 

 

ANS:  B

Diffusion is the movement from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   p. 194             OBJ:   2

TOP:   Fluid Movements between Portions of the Circulatory System

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

4. A patient’s intravenous (IV) injection has been infusing at a very high rate. What assessment indicates fluid volume overload in this patient?

a.	Hypotension
b.	Tachycardia
c.	Pulmonary edema
d.	Kidney failure

 

 

ANS:  C

An IV infusing at a high rate is used to increase intravascular fluid volume, but there is an equalization level, after which the patient goes into fluid overload; this results in pulmonary edema.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 197-198      OBJ:   4

TOP:   Fluid Overload                                KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation