Chapter 14: Genitourinary Surgery

Chapter 14: Genitourinary Surgery

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The renal artery and vein enter and exit the kidney on the medial side of the organ through a concave area known as the:

ANS:  C

On the medial side of each kidney is a concave area known as the hilum, through which the renal artery and vein enter and exit. The renal pelvis, a funnel-shaped structure that lies within the kidney and posterior to the renal vascular pedicle, divides into several branches called calyces (Figure 14-3). The renal artery and vein with their accompanying nerves and lymphatics are referred to as the pedicle of the kidney.

REF:   Page 478

2. Select the statement about the prostate that best reflects its location, size, and weight.

ANS:  D

The prostate gland is a donut-shaped organ composed of fibromuscular and glandular components. It is located at the base of the bladder neck and completely surrounds the urethra. The gland is about 4 cm at the base, is about 2 cm in depth, and normally weighs 20 to 30 g (see Figures 14-5 and 14-7).

REF:   Page 481

3. The kidneys are highly vascular organs. Approximately how much of the entire circulating blood volume do the kidneys process at any one time?

ANS:  A

The kidneys are highly vascular organs that process approximately one fifth of the entire volume of blood at any one time.

REF:   Page 481

4. The adrenal glands lie retroperitoneally beneath the diaphragm, capping the medial aspects of the superior pole of each kidney. The adrenal medulla secretes ______________ while the adrenal cortex secretes ____________ and ____________.

ANS:  A

Each adrenal gland has a medulla, which secretes epinephrine (adrenaline), and a cortex, which secretes steroids and hormones. Secretions from the adrenal cortex are influenced by the activity of the pituitary gland.

REF:   Page 478

5. Which action best reflects the movement of urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder?

ANS:  B

As urine accumulates in the renal pelvis, slight distention initiates a wave of muscular contractions. This peristaltic activity continues down the ureter, propelling urine into the bladder.