Chapter 14: Health Problems of Toddlers and Preschoolers

Chapter 14: Health Problems of Toddlers and Preschoolers

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which is described as the time interval between infection or exposure to disease and appearance of initial symptoms?

a.	Incubation period
b.	Prodromal period
c.	Desquamation period
d.	Period of communicability

 

 

ANS:  A

The incubation period is the interval between infection or exposure and appearance of symptoms. The prodromal period is the interval between the time when early manifestations of disease appear and the overt clinical syndrome is evident. Desquamation refers to the shedding of skin. The period of communicability is the time or times during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remember            REF:   424

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

 

2. Airborne isolation is required for a child who is hospitalized with:

a.	mumps.
b.	chickenpox.
c.	exanthema subitum (roseola).
d.	erythema infectiosum (fifth disease).

 

 

ANS:  B

Chickenpox is communicable through direct contact, droplet spread, and contaminated objects. Mumps is transmitted from direct contact with saliva of infected person and is most communicable before onset of swelling. The transmission and source of the viral infection exanthema subitum (roseola) is unknown. Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is communicable before onset of symptoms.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand            REF:   424

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

 

3. Acyclovir (Zovirax) is given to children with chickenpox to:

a.	minimize scarring.
b.	decrease the number of lesions.
c.	prevent aplastic anemia.
d.	prevent spread of the disease.

 

 

ANS:  B

Acyclovir decreases the number of lesions; shortens duration of fever; and decreases itching, lethargy, and anorexia. Treating pruritus and discouraging itching minimizes scarring. Aplastic anemia is not a complication of chickenpox. Strict isolation until vesicles are dried prevents spread of disease.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand            REF:   429-430

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

 

4. The single parent of a 3-year-old child who has just been diagnosed with chickenpox tells the nurse that she cannot afford to stay home with the child and miss work. The parent asks the nurse if some medication will shorten the course of the illness. Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

a.	Reassure the parent that it is not necessary to stay home with the child.
b.	Explain that no medication will shorten the course of the illness.
c.	Explain the advantages of the medication acyclovir (Zovirax) to treat chickenpox.
d.	Explain the advantages of the medication VCZ immune globulin (VariZIG) to treat chickenpox.

 

 

ANS:  C

Acyclovir is effective in treating the number of lesions; shortening the duration of fever; and decreasing itching, lethargy, and anorexia. It is important the parent stay with the child to monitor fever. Acyclovir lessens the severity of chickenpox. VariZIG is given only to high-risk children.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply                   REF:   429-430

TOP:   Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

 

5. Which may be given to high-risk children after exposure to chickenpox to prevent varicella?

a.	Acyclovir (Zovirax)
b.	Varicella globulin
c.	Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl)
d.	VCZ immune globulin (VariZIG)

 

 

ANS:  D

VariZIG is given to high-risk children to prevent the development of chickenpox. Acyclovir decreases the severity, not the development, of chickenpox. Varicella globulin is not effective because it is not the immune globulin. Diphenhydramine may help pruritus but not the actual chickenpox.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand            REF:   429

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity