Chapter 14: Heart

Chapter 14: Heart

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which two heart chambers are most anterior in the chest?

ANS:  C

The most anterior surface of the heart is formed by the right ventricle. The heart is turned ventrally on its axis, putting its right side more forward. The left atrium is above the left ventricle, forming the most posterior aspect of the heart.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)                    REF:   p. 295

OBJ:   Nursing process—assessment          MSC:  Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

2. The condition in which a patient’s heart is rotated or displaced to the right or is situated as a mirror image of the expected position is called:

ANS:  C

Dextrocardia occurs when the heart is displaced or rotated to the right or is a complete mirror image of the expected finding. Amyloidosis is a metabolic disorder marked by amyloid deposits in organs and tissues. Coarctation is the compression of the walls of a vessel, such as an aortic coarctation. Situs inversus occurs when the heart and stomach are displaced to the right and the liver is located to the left.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)             REF:   p. 294

OBJ:   Nursing process—assessment          MSC:  Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

3. Heart position can vary depending on body habitus. In a short stocky individual, you would expect the heart to be located:

ANS:  B

The position of the heart varies depending on body build, configuration of the chest, and level of the diaphragm. A tall slender person’s heart tends to hang vertically and is positioned centrally. A stocky short person’s heart tends to lie more to the left and more horizontally.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)             REF:   p. 294

OBJ:   Nursing process—assessment          MSC:  Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

4. Which cardiac structure is responsible for the heart’s pumping action?

ANS:  C

The myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer responsible for the pumping action of the heart. The pericardium is the tough, double-walled, fibrous sac that protects the heart. The epicardium is the thin outermost muscle layer that covers the heart and extends onto the great vessels. The endocardium is the innermost layer that lines the chambers of the heart and covers heart valves.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)                    REF:   p. 295

OBJ:   Nursing process—assessment          MSC:  Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

5. Contraction of the ventricles causes:

ANS:  A

When the ventricles contract the semilunar valves, the pulmonic and aortic valves open, causing blood to rush into the pulmonary artery and the aorta. At this time, the tricuspid and mitral valves close, preventing backflow into the atria. When the atria contract, the tricuspid and mitral valves open, allowing blood flow into the ventricles. When the ventricles relax during diastole (ventricles are filling), the aortic and pulmonic valves close, preventing backflow into the ventricles.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)                    REF:   p. 297

OBJ:   Nursing process—assessment          MSC:  Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation