Gerontological Nursing The Essential Guide to Clinical Practice, 2nd Edition by Patricia A.
Gerontological Nursing The Essential Guide to Clinical Practice, 2nd Edition by Patricia A.
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Chapter 14- Nutrition and Hydration
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | Even though a nursing assistant notices that an older patient’s oral intake has been poor since being admitted to the care area, the assistant is not concerned since “older people don’t need to eat much anyway.” How should the nurse respond to this assistant’s comment? | |
| A) | “That’s a myth actually; older adults have increased caloric and nutritional needs.” | |
| B) | “Actually, older adults who are sick require more calories than younger people do during their recovery.” | |
| C) | “You’re right, but it’s still important that we provide vitamin supplements especially when a patient is recovering from an illness.” | |
| D) | “Even though it is true that older people don’t need quite as many calories as younger people, they need as many nutrients as you or I.” | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| While caloric need does decrease with age, nutrient requirements are relatively consistent across the life span. Older adults do not have increased caloric and nutritional needs. Older adults who are sick do not necessarily require more calories since the basal metabolic rate declines 2% for each decade of life. Vitamin and mineral supplements for older adults are undetermined. | ||
| Origin: Chapter 14- Nutrition and Hydration, 2
Chapter: 14 Client Needs: B Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Teaching/learning Objective: 1 Page and Header: 173, Quantity and Quality of Caloric Needs |
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| 2. | A health-conscious resident of an assisted living facility is promoting the value of fiber to a fellow resident. Which statement made by the resident about the benefits of fiber is accurate? | |
| A) | Improved bowel activity and increased metabolic rate | |
| B) | Improved bowel activity and decreased serum cholesterol | |
| C) | Improved gastric emptying and prevention of colon cancer | |
| D) | Increased nutrient absorption and decreased glucose tolerance | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Fiber is noted to lower serum cholesterol and promote good bowel activity. It is not noted to improve nutrient absorption or gastric emptying or to increase overall metabolic rate. | ||
| Origin: Chapter 14- Nutrition and Hydration, 3
Chapter: 14 Client Needs: D2 Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Teaching/learning Objective: 2 Page and Header: 175, Nutritional Supplements |
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| 3. | During a home visit, the nurse is asked by an older couple if vitamin and nutritional supplements can compensate for poor food intake. What should the nurse respond to this question? | |
| A) | “Supplements can be useful but avoid those that contain calcium.” | |
| B) | “The risks of excess dosages mean that supplements are best avoided entirely.” | |
| C) | “Supplements should be thought of as supplements, not replacements, so it’s best not use them.” | |
| D) | “Vitamin and nutrient supplements can be a useful short-term nutritional measure, but only if they don’t interact with prescribed medications.” | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| There is a valid role for supplements in meeting the nutritional needs of older adults, but the risk of medication interactions must be taken into account. It would be unnecessary to recommend complete avoidance of all supplements or of those that contain calcium. | ||
| Origin: Chapter 14- Nutrition and Hydration, 4
Chapter: 14 Client Needs: B Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Teaching/learning Objective: 3 Page and Header: 176, Special Needs of Women |
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| 4. | An older woman asks what she can do to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis. What should the nurse respond to this patient? | |
| A) | “The key to preventing osteoporosis is to remain physically active on a regular basis.” | |
| B) | “For women who have complete menopause, vitamin D supplements are the best form of prevention.” | |
| C) | “The best thing that you can do is to maximize your calcium intake by including dairy at most meals and taking supplements as well.” | |
| D) | “You need to make sure you are getting the recommended daily dose of calcium, which may involve taking supplements at each meal.” | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Postmenopausal women need to ensure a daily intake of calcium of at least 1 g. Supplements may be required. It would be inaccurate to encourage the woman to consume as much calcium as possible given the risks associated with excess calcium intake. Neither vitamin D supplementation nor exercise is the primary preventative measure for the development of osteoporosis. | ||
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