Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 16- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | While teaching about HIV/AIDS to a group of high school seniors, the school health nurse will begin by explaining the basic facts that will likely include which of the following information? | |
| A) | Like all viruses, HIV is a genetic material made from DNA with long molecules that carry genetic information. | |
| B) | HIV is different from other viruses since it is a retrovirus that selectively attacks the body’s immune cells. | |
| C) | There are two types of HIV, but the one that is endemic to the United States is HIV type 2. | |
| D) | HIV type 1 for some reason rarely develops into full-blown AIDS. | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| HIV is a retrovirus that selectively attacks the CD4+ T lymphocytes, the immune cells responsible for orchestrating and coordinating the immune response to infection. It must change from RNA to DNA through a series of stages in order to get in a cell and begin replication. HIV type 2 is endemic in West Africa but is rarely seen in other parts of the world. People with HIV-2 tend not to develop AIDS. | ||
| 2. | As part of her prenatal education, a 29-year-old woman who is pregnant with her first child is receiving teaching from her primary care provider. Which of the following statements by the woman reflects an accurate understanding of HIV transmission? | |
| A) | “I know my baby is safe from HIV while in the womb, but the delivery will place him or her at real risk.” | |
| B) | “It’s discouraging to know that my breast milk can pass on HIV to my baby.” | |
| C) | “I know it’s possible, but it’s comforting that the chances of my child contracting my HIV are actually very low.” | |
| D) | “I’m relieved to learn that a caesarean delivery will protect my baby from being born HIV positive.” | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Transmission from mother to infant is the most common way that children become infected with HIV. HIV may be transmitted from infected women to their offspring in utero, during labor and delivery, or through breast-feeding. Ninety percent of infected children acquired the virus from their mother. The risk of transmission of HIV from mother to infant is approximately 25%, with estimates ranging from 15% to 45%, depending on what country they live in. | ||
| 3. | A potential donor is angry at the personal nature of the questions about HIV risk factors that he is required to answer at a blood collection center and states that simple blood testing should suffice. How can the nurse at the center best respond? | |
| A) | “There are some very uncommon subtypes of the HIV virus that are not detectable by current testing methods.” | |
| B) | “There’s a chance that persons who are asymptomatic, but HIV positive can have their antibodies missed by serum testing.” | |
| C) | “There’s a period shortly after someone is infected with HIV when blood tests might still be negative.” | |
| D) | “Even though blood tests are completely accurate, the high stakes of blood donation and transfusion mean that double measures are appropriate.” | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The time after infection and before seroconversion is known as the window period, during which HIV antibody screening may be negative. Potential donors are thus screened to identify potential risk factors. Undetectable subtypes of HIV do not exist, and individuals who are asymptomatic are still able to be accurately tested. | ||
| 4. | A 40-year-old male who has been HIV positive for 6 years is experiencing a new increase in his viral load along with a corresponding decrease in his CD4+ count. Which of the following aspects of his immune system is likely to remain most intact? | |
| A) | Presentation of major histocompatibility molecules on body cells | |
| B) | Orchestration of natural killer cells as part of cell-mediated immunity | |
| C) | Activation of B lymphocytes | |
| D) | Phagocytic function of monocytes and macrophages | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The expression of MHC on various cells of the body is not noted to be directly influenced by HIV. However, infected CD4+ cells are compromised in their ability to guide the action of NK cells, to direct phagocytic function of macrophages, and to present antigens that activate B cells. | ||
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