Chapter 16: Alterations in Blood Pressure

Chapter 16: Alterations in Blood Pressure

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Pulse pressure is defined as
a. two-thirds of systolic pressure + diastolic pressure.
b. systolic pressure + diastolic pressure.
c. systolic pressure – diastolic pressure.
d. systolic pressure  systemic resistance.
ANS: C
Pulse pressure is defined as the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pulse pressure is the difference between
systolic and diastolic pressure. Pulse pressure is not the sum of the systolic and diastolic pressures. Systemic resistance is not
involved in determining the pulse pressure.
REF: Pg. 333
2. What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?
a. Hypovolemia
b. Decreased cardiac output
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Decreased vascular resistance
ANS: C
At the smooth muscle of the arterial system, neurotransmitters bind to receptors to initiate vasoconstriction and increase systemic
vascular resistance An increase in vascular resistance causes the heart to work harder and thus increases blood pressure.
Hypovolemia does not result in an increase in blood pressure. Cardiac output is not decreased when systemic blood pressure is
increased. Vascular resistance is actually increased when the systemic blood pressure is increased.
REF: Pg. 336
3. An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by
a. positioning the arm above the heart level.
b. using a cuff that is too small.
c. positioning the arm at heart level.
d. measuring blood pressure after exercise.
ANS: A
An erroneous blood pressure result could occur with the arm above the level of the heart. It is important to measure blood pressure
with the appropriate size cuff. The arm should be positioned at the level of the heart for a more accurate reading. Measuring
pressure after exercise yields a higher measurement.
REF: Pgs. 334-335
4. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the
a. release of rennin.
b. conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
c. conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
d. effect of aldosterone on the kidney.
ANS: B
Angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II while it is circulating through the pulmonary vessels, by the angiotensin converting
enzyme. ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II. Renin plays a role in the regulation of arterial
blood pressure. ACE inhibitors do not block the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin or the effect of aldosterone on the
kidney.
REF: Pg. 337
5. Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR)
of 100?
a. Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118
b. Sitting BP 108/68, HR 102
c. Sitting BP 110/78, HR 98
d. Sitting BP 120/80, HR 100
ANS: A
The definition of orthostatic hypotension is a decrease in systolic blood pressure greater than 20 mm Hg or a decrease in systolic
pressure that is greater than 10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of moving to an upright position. The measurements of BP 108/68, HR
102 and BP 110/78, HR 98 are not indicative of orthostatic hypotension. An increase in blood pressure does not occur with
orthostatic hypotension.