Chapter 16: Care of the Patient with HIV/AIDS

Chapter 16: Care of the Patient with HIV/AIDS

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. When assigned to a newly admitted patient with AIDS, the nurse says, “I’m pregnant. It is not safe for me or my baby if I am assigned to his case.” Which is the most appropriate response by the charge nurse?

a.	“This patient would not be a risk for your baby if you use standard precautions and avoid direct contact with blood or body fluids.”
b.	“You should ask for a transfer to another unit because contact with this patient would put you and your baby at risk for AIDS.”
c.	“Wear a mask, gown, and gloves every time you go into his room and use disposable trays, plates, and utensils to serve his meals.”
d.	“We should recommend that this patient be transferred to an isolation unit.”

 

 

ANS:  A

HIV is transmitted from human to human through infected blood, semen, cervicovaginal secretions, and breast milk. The use of Standard Precautions by all staff members for all patients all the time simplifies this issue.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   Pages 769-770,Box 16–6

OBJ:   6                    TOP:   Transmission of AIDS

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Safe, Effective Care Environment

 

2. The anxious male patient is fearful that he has been exposed to a person with an HIV infection. He states he does not want to go to a laboratory for the ELISA tests because he does not want to be identified. What would be the nurse’s most helpful response?

a.	“There really is not an option, you will need to get the Western blot test first.”
b.	“There is an FDA-approved home test called OraQuick.”
c.	“The rapid test Reveal can identify all the HIV strains.”
d.	“You can be tested anonymously for ELISA. If you are seronegative, your concerns are over.”

 

 

ANS:  B

The OraQuick is a home OTC test approved by the FDA. One seronegative on the ELISA is not evidence because seroconversion may not have taken place. The Western blot test follows if the ELISA is positive.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   Page 783        OBJ:   6

TOP:   HIV testing     KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

3. The patient, age 21, has been treated for chlamydia and has a history of recurrent herpes. What should the nurse counsel this patient about?

a.	Sexual history, risk reduction measures, and testing for HIV
b.	Getting an appointment at a family planning clinic
c.	Testing for HIV and what the test results mean
d.	Abstinence and a monogamous relationship

 

 

ANS:  A

Chlamydia is considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD). As such it requires further testing and a sexual history to advise the sexual partners.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   Page 783        OBJ:   6

TOP:   Risk for infection                            KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Planning

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

4. A patient has just been diagnosed as HIV-positive. He asks the nurse, “Does this mean I have AIDS?” Which response would be most informative?

a.	“Most people get AIDS within 3 to 12 weeks after they are infected with HIV.”
b.	“Don’t worry. You may never get AIDS if you eat properly, exercise, and get plenty of rest.”
c.	“It varies with every individual, but the average time is 8 to 10 years from the time a person is infected, and some go much longer.”
d.	“You can expect to develop signs and symptoms of AIDS within 6 months.”

 

 

ANS:  C

Typical progress of HIV includes a period of relative clinical latency, occurring immediately after the primary infection, which can last for several years. Long-term nonprogressors remain symptom-free for 8 to10 years.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   Page 763        OBJ:   4

TOP:   Progression of disease                     KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

5. Which of the following is a CDC criterion for the progression of HIV infection to AIDS?

a.	Increase in viral load
b.	Decreased ratio of CD8 to CD4
c.	Increase in white blood cells
d.	Increased reactivity to skin tests

 

 

ANS:  A

AIDS is the end stage of an HIV infection. The CDC has developed criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS, which are: increase in viral load even with pharmacologic interventions, increase in the ratio of CD8 to CD4, decline in the WBCs, and a decreased reactivity to skin tests.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   Page 764        OBJ:   7

TOP:   AIDS diagnostic criteria                  KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity