Chapter 16: First Aid, Emergency Care, and Disaster Management

Chapter 16: First Aid, Emergency Care, and Disaster Management

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. What do changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques as recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) include?

a.	Compress the chest 100 times a minute.
b.	Depress the chest at least1 inch.
c.	Before compressions, administer three strong breaths.
d.	Elevate the patient’s hips.

 

 

ANS:  A

The current AHA recommendations state that after the patient is assessed, the rescuer should begin chest compressions at 100 compressions a minute and depress the chest to 2 inches. Mouth-to-mouth breathing is no longer recommended. New research suggests that abdominal compressions are less injurious to the patient and more effective in terms of providing blood circulation.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   N/A                OBJ:   3

TOP:   CPR               KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. Standing in a fast-food line, the person in front, while munching on a cookie, begins to cough heavily, takes deep inspirations, and waves his arms around wildly. What should be the nurse’s first action?

a.	Start rescue breathing as quickly as possible.
b.	Start chest compressions as quickly as possible.
c.	Perform abdominal thrusts.
d.	Do nothing at this point as long as air is exchanged.

 

 

ANS:  D

When a person is choking but alert enough to attempt to cough and force the obstruction up and out by himself, allowing him to do so alone is best because more expelling force occurs that way. Only when the person shows signs of not being able to breathe beyond the obstruction should abdominal thrusts be applied.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 237             OBJ:   4

TOP:   Immediate Intervention for a Choking Victim

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

 

3. What is the initial intervention for an unconscious patient who is not breathing according to one-person CPR principles, as taught and practiced by professional nurses?

a.	Lift the jaw to clear the airway.
b.	Call for assistance.
c.	Start chest compressions.
d.	Remove patient clothing to visualize the chest.

 

 

ANS:  B

With one-person CPR, when the patient is unconscious and not breathing, the first thing to do is to call for help.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   N/A                OBJ:   3 | 4

TOP:   CPR Guidelines                              KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

 

4. While ambulating, a patient gasps and drops to the floor unconscious with no pulse or respiration. When is the nurse aware that brain cells begin to die?

a.	1 minute
b.	2 minutes
c.	3 minutes
d.	4 minutes

 

 

ANS:  D

Without adequate perfusion, the brain cells begin to die in 4 minutes.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 236             OBJ:   3

TOP:   Brain Damage                                 KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

5. A nurse comes upon a traffic accident. One passenger is lying on the ground by an open door. What should the nurse assess for first?

a.	Uncontrolled bleeding
b.	Circulation, airway, and breathing (CAB)
c.	Abdominal deep wounds
d.	Level of consciousness (LOC) and orientation

 

 

ANS:  B

The CAB method of emergency assessment reminds the caregiver to check the essentials first.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   p. 236             OBJ:   1 | 4

TOP:   Emergency Assessment                   KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort