Chapter 17: Cancer

Chapter 17: Cancer

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. When planning an educational program on cancer for a group of older adults, the nurse incorporates information regarding racial and ethnic patterns of cancer in the United States that includes evidence that:

a.	the incidence of cancer is highest among African Americans.
b.	Native Americans have the highest overall incident rates of cancer.
c.	incidence rates for lung cancer are lowest for white women.
d.	Hispanic women have the lowest incidence rates of cervical cancer.

 

 

ANS:  A

Cancer affects Americans of all racial and ethnic groups; however, the incidence of cancer does demonstrate patterns according to racial and ethnic origins. African Americans have higher overall incidence rates than whites, whereas Hispanic Americans and Native Americans have lower incidence rates overall.

 

DIF:    Remembering (Knowledge)             REF:   Page 297        OBJ:   17-2

TOP:   Teaching-Learning                          MSC:  Physiologic Integrity

 

2. An older adult patient asks the nurse why so many of her friends are developing cancers. The nurse responds best when answering:

a.	“Cancer cells generally develop as a result of prolonged exposure to external agents.”
b.	“The longer we live the more exposure we have to environmental toxins.”
c.	“Aberrant growth seems to be the risk factor in the older adult that is not well understood.”
d.	“As we age, our cells are less able to regulate replication appropriately.”

 

 

ANS:  D

The aging cell has a tendency toward aberration or abnormalcy as it replicates. Aberrant cell growth is related to failure of growth control mechanisms, which leads to less cell regulation during replication. Cancer occurs more commonly in replicating than in nonreplicating cell groups, which suggests that changes in internal cellular control mechanisms give rise to cancer.

 

DIF:    Understanding (Comprehension)      REF:   Page 299        OBJ:   17-1

TOP:   Teaching-Learning                          MSC:  Physiologic Integrity

 

3. An older adult patient expresses concern about developing cancer in the future and asks the nurse advice about cancer prevention. The nurse shares that:

a.	“Eating foods high in protein, such as chicken and fish, promote cell growth and repair, thus minimizing the risk.”
b.	“Although there are some behaviors that can help minimize your risk, the possibility of developing cancer is usually determined by age 65.”
c.	“Most cancers that develop after age 65 generally respond well to cancer treatment modalities.”
d.	“Cancers that develop late in life are generally slow growing, so they generally do not contribute to this group’s mortality.”

 

 

ANS:  B

Most cancers are the result of a lifelong exposure, so the risk of developing malignant disease after age 65 is probably already determined by the time one reaches that age. If exposure to promoters can be avoided or reduced and antipromoters can be used, then cancerous transformation may not take place or may be delayed. The other statements are not accurate.

 

DIF:    Understanding (Comprehension)      REF:   Page 300        OBJ:   17-1

TOP:   Teaching-Learning                          MSC:  Physiologic Integrity

 

4. An older adult patient has rheumatoid arthritis, which limits her manual dexterity and ability to perform breast self-examinations. To address the patient’s need for breast health promotion, the nurse teaches the patient to:

a.	use the palm of her hand to perform monthly breast examinations.
b.	schedule a mammogram every 12 months.
c.	check each breast while in the shower if possible.
d.	visit her physician yearly for a breast examination.

 

 

ANS:  A

Older women, while having the highest incidence of breast cancer, have been shown to have the least knowledge about the importance of breast examination. Modifying and encouraging self-breast examination would be the most effective intervention to promote breast health. The other actions are good but not as helpful as adapting the technique of self-exam so the woman can accomplish it.

 

DIF:    Applying (Application)                    REF:   N/A                OBJ:   17-3

TOP:    Teaching-Learning                   MSC:   Health Promotion