Understanding Pharmacology Essentials For Medication Safety By M. Linda Workman
Understanding Pharmacology Essentials For Medication Safety By M. Linda Workman
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Chapter 17: Drug Therapy for Heart Failure
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
MULTIPLE CHOICE
BASIC CONCEPTS
| a. | The amount of blood entering the left ventricle that must be pumped out of the heart |
| b. | The peripheral resistance of the arterial system, including mean arterial pressure |
| c. | The ability of the living muscle fibers of the heart to contract and pump blood |
| d. | The percentage of blood pumped out of the heart with each heartbeat |
ANS: B
Afterload is the pressure in the aorta that the left ventricle must overcome before blood can move from it into the aorta. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is also the pressure that the left ventricle must overcome to move blood from the left ventricle into the aorta during contraction (afterload). Afterload increases because of increased peripheral resistance usually as a result of high blood pressure.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 274
| a. | High blood pressure |
| b. | Low blood pressure |
| c. | Defective heart valves |
| d. | Defective coronary arteries |
ANS: A
Most heart failure is caused by hypertension. Other causes of heart failure include myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, substance abuse (alcohol and illicit or prescribed drugs), heart valve disease, congenital defects, cardiac infections and inflammations, and conditions that increase cardiac output and energy demands such as sepsis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 278
| a. | Overstretching of the right ventricle so that too much blood leaves the heart |
| b. | Overstretching of the right ventricle so that too little blood leaves the heart |
| c. | Overstretching of the left ventricle so that too much blood leaves the heart |
| d. | Overstretching of the left ventricle so that too little blood leaves the heart |
ANS: D
The muscle of the left ventricle becomes overstretched. When any muscle is overstretched, its contraction is weaker. When the muscles of the left ventricle are overstretched or flabby and the contraction is weak, too much blood remains in the left ventricle, and more blood arriving from the left atrium is added to it. This overstretches the muscle more and continues to weaken contractions, leading to heart failure.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 274
| a. | Confusion |
| b. | Shortness of breath |
| c. | Decreased afterload |
| d. | Swelling in the ankles and legs |
ANS: D
When the right ventricle contracts poorly, signs and symptoms of peripheral congestion occur (Box 17-2 in text) such as weight gain, swelling in the legs, jugular vein distention (Figure 17-4 in text), and increased blood pressure.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 276, Box 17-2
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