Textbook of Basic Nursing (Lippincott's Practical Nursing) Tenth Edition by Caroline Bunker Rosdahl, Mary T. Kowalski
Textbook of Basic Nursing (Lippincott's Practical Nursing) Tenth Edition by Caroline Bunker Rosdahl, Mary T. Kowalski
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Chapter 17- Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | Homeostasis is the dynamic process through which the body maintains balance by constantly adjusting to internal and external stimuli. A student nurse is making a diagram to remember the key components of homeostasis. Based on this information, which diagram shows the correct sequence for this key concept? | |
| A) | Receptor (sensing component) ® control center (brain) ® appropriate response (effectors—muscles, organs, hormones) ® change (positive or negative feedback) = homeostasis. | |
| B) | Receptor (sensing component)® appropriate response (effectors—muscles, organs, hormones® control center (brain) ® change (positive or negative feedback) = homeostasis. | |
| C) | Appropriate response (effectors—muscles, organs, hormones ® control center (brain) ® change (positive or negative feedback) ® receptor (sensing component) = homeostasis. | |
| D) | Appropriate response (effectors—muscles, organs, hormones ® change (positive or negative feedback) ® control center (brain) ® receptor (sensing component) = homeostasis. | |
| 2. | Fluids make up a large portion of the body. Body fluids are composed of water and electrolytes. Body fluids are divided between two main compartments. The student nurse is making a chart comparing key information about the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartment. Based on this information, which information should be included in the intracellular fluid column on the chart?
1. Fluid inside the cell 2. Constitutes about one-half to two-thirds of the total body fluid in an adult 3. The major ions in intracellular fluid are potassium, magnesium, and phosphate. 4. Appears mostly as interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid 5. The volume of intracellular fluid is the most important regulated aspect of body fluid balance. |
|
| A) | 1, 2, 3 | |
| B) | 1, 4, 5 | |
| C) | 2, 3, 4 | |
| D) | 3, 4, 5 | |
| 3. | The body monitors extracellular fluid volume closely and sends messages to the brain, kidneys, and pituitary gland to maintain control. The student nurse is reviewing the primary mechanisms involved in regulation. Based on this information, which information should the student nurse include in the postclinical conference report that has to be completed on important regulation processes? | |
| A) | The thirst center in the thalamus stimulates or inhibits the desire for a person to drink. | |
| B) | Antidiuretic hormone is released from storage in the anterior pituitary gland as part of the positive feedback mechanism in response to conditions within the cardiovascular system. | |
| C) | When antidiuretic hormone is released, urine production is increased and water reabsorption is decreased. | |
| D) | The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system controls fluid volume with aldosterone causing increased reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys in an attempt to increase blood volume. | |
| 4. | A client asks the nurse how the fluid in the ankles keeps coming back. The nurse shares with the client the principal causes of edema. What principal causes should the nurse review with the client?
1. Obstruction of arterial blood or lymphatic return 2. Increased capillary permeability or increased capillary pressure 3. Immune reactions 4. External pressure from tight binders or casts |
|
| A) | 1, 2 | |
| B) | 1, 3 | |
| C) | 2, 4 | |
| D) | 3, 4 | |
| 5. | Specific properties of water make it important in body chemistry. It is important that the student nurse is able to identify the functions of water to aid in understanding the rationales underlying nursing interventions. What are the functions of water that the student nurse needs to review for the upcoming unit examination on fluid and electrolyte imbalances?
1. A small temperature difference is needed to cause a physical change in water, which is normally liquid. 2. Water directly and indirectly participates in all chemical reactions in the body. 3. Water is a good solute. 4. Water functions as a suspension agent. 5. Water exerts pressure against the walls or vessels that contain it—hydrostatic pressure. |
|
| A) | 1, 2, 3 | |
| B) | 1, 2, 5 | |
| C) | 2, 4, 5 | |
| D) | 3, 4, 5 | |
Answer Key
| 1. | A |
| 2. | A |
| 3. | D |
| 4. | C |
| 5. | C |
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