Chapter 17: Ophthalmic Surgery

Chapter 17: Ophthalmic Surgery

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The refractive apparatus of the eye directs (refracts) the light rays to strike the:

ANS:  A

Light rays from an object pass through the system of refractory devices—the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous body—and are refracted (bent) so that the rays strike the retina.

REF:   Page 613

2. The extraocular muscles work in yoked pairs, with ocular movements generated by an increase in the tone of one set of muscles and a decrease in the tone of the antagonistic muscles. Of the two muscle types, how many are represented in each eye?

ANS:  C

Named according to their relative position on the eyeball, the extraocular muscles of the eyeball include the four recti (the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and lateral rectus) and two oblique muscles (the superior oblique and inferior oblique) (see Figure 17-3).

REF:   Page 611

3. To accommodate near and distant focus, the lens changes shape and focus by relaxation and tightening of the zonular fibers. What physiologic change of the normal aging process is typically corrected with bifocals?

ANS:  B

The lens changes shape and focus (accommodation) by relaxation and tightening of the zonular fibers. Over time (particularly after age 40), the lens and lens zonules become progressively less elastic, resulting in presbyopia. This loss of accommodative power is typically corrected with reading glasses or bifocals.

REF:   Page 613

4. How does the lacrimal gland differ from the lacrimal sac?

ANS:  D

The lacrimal apparatus effectively functions like a sink, with a faucet (main and accessory lacrimal glands) and drain (lacrimal puncta, canaliculi, sac, and nasolacrimal duct). The lacrimal gland produces tears and secretes them through a series of ducts onto the anterior ocular surface, thereby keeping the cornea moist and washing away any debris. The tears then flow inward to the puncta, from which they are conducted by the canaliculi to the lacrimal sac and finally pass into the nasolacrimal duct (see Figure 17-2).

REF:   Page 610

5. A wide range of equipment is used in ophthalmic surgery. The perioperative team’s knowledge of proper operation should be confirmed through inservice education and training specific to new equipment, plus demonstrated competency. To ensure patient safety and appropriate function and application of surgical devices, which statement best reflects recommended practice when using complex biomedical equipment?

ANS:  A

For safety, all items must be used according to the manufacturer’s directions and tested for proper performance before the patient enters the OR.