Chapter 17: The Child with an Immunologic Alteration

Chapter 17: The Child with an Immunologic Alteration

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

1. Which of the following statements about the immune system is correct?

a.	The immune system distinguishes and actively protects the body’s own cells from foreign substances.
b.	The immune system is fully developed by 1 year of age.
c.	The immune system protects the child against communicable diseases in the first 6 years of life.
d.	The immune system responds to an offending agent by producing antigens.

 

 

ANS:   A

 

	Feedback
A	The immune system responds to foreign substances, or antigens, by producing antibodies and storing information. Intact skin, mucous membranes, and processes such as coughing, sneezing, and tearing help maintain internal homeostasis.
B	Children up to the age of 6 or 7 years have limited antibodies against common bacteria. The immunoglobins reach adult levels at different ages.
C	Immunization is the basis from which the immune system activates protection against some communicable diseases.
D	Antibodies are produced by the immune system against invading agents, or antigens.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    Text Reference: pg 457

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment    MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

2. Which of the following organs and tissues control the two types of specific immune functions?

a.	The spleen and mucous membranes
b.	Upper and lower intestinal lymphoid tissue
c.	The skin and lymph nodes
d.	The thymus and bone marrow

 

 

ANS:   D

 

	Feedback
A	Both the spleen and mucous membranes are secondary organs of the immune system that act as filters to remove debris and antigens and foster contact with T lymphocytes.
B	Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is a secondary organ of the immune system. This tissue filters antigens entering the gastrointestinal tract.
C	The skin and lymph nodes are secondary organs of the immune system.
D	The thymus controls cell-mediated immunity (cells that mature into T lymphocytes), and bone marrow controls humoral immunity (stem cells for B lymphocytes).

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    Text Reference: pg 457

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment    MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

3. Which of the following statements is true regarding how infants acquire immunity?

a.	The infant acquires humoral and cell-mediated immunity in response to infections and immunizations.
b.	The infant acquires maternal antibodies that ensure immunity up to 12 months age.
c.	Active immunity is acquired from the mother and lasts 6 to 7 months.
d.	Passive immunity develops in response to immunizations.

 

 

ANS:   A

 

	Feedback
A	Infants acquire long-term active immunity from exposure to antigens and vaccines. Immunity is acquired actively and passively.
B	The term infant’s passive immunity is acquired from the mother and begins to dissipate during the first 6 to 8 months of life.
C	Passive immunity is acquired from the mother.
D	Active immunity develops in response to immunizations.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    Text Reference: pg 460

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment    MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

4. Which of the following is the most common mode of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the pediatric population?

a.	Perinatal transmission
b.	Sexual abuse
c.	Blood transfusions
d.	Poor hand washing

 

 

ANS:   A

 

	Feedback
A	Perinatal transmission accounts for the highest percentage of HIV infections in children. Infected women can transmit the virus to their infants across the placenta during pregnancy, at delivery, and through breast-feeding.
B	Cases of HIV infection from sexual abuse have been reported; however, perinatal transmission accounts for most pediatric HIV infections.
C	Although in the past some children became infected with HIV through blood transfusions, improved laboratory screening has significantly reduced the probability of contracting HIV from blood products.
D	Poor hand washing is not an etiology of HIV infection.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    Text Reference: pgs 460, 463

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Planning         MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity