Chapter 18: Cerebrum: Clinical Applications

Chapter 18: Cerebrum: Clinical Applications

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

Test Bank

1. The inability to understand written or spoken language, including inability to read and write and produce meaningful language, despite the ability to produce fluent speech sounds:
2. Broca’s aphasia
3. Conduction aphasia
4. Global aphasia
5. Wernicke’s aphasia
6. Dysarthria

ANS: D

Rationale: In Wernicke’s aphasia, language comprehension (symbolic communication) is impaired. Those with Wernicke’s aphasia easily produce spoken sounds, but the output is meaningless.

2. Dysarthria is caused by a lesion of which of the following?
3. Broca’s area, usually in the left hemisphere
4. Broca’s area, usually in the right hemisphere
5. Wernicke’s area, Broca’s area, and the intervening cortical and subcortical structures
6. Lower motor neurons or corticobrainstem neurons
7. Neurons connecting Wernicke’s area with Broca’s area

ANS: D

Rationale: Damage to lower motor neurons (cranial nerves IX, X, and/or XII) causes paresis of speech muscles, producing flaccid dysarthria. Damage to corticobrainstem neurons that synapse with LMNs to speech muscles causes spastic dysarthria.

3. Synonyms for Broca’s aphasia include which of the following?
4. Motor aphasia
5. Expressive aphasia
6. Nonfluent aphasia
7. A and B
8. A, B, and C

ANS: E

Rationale: Broca’s aphasia is the difficulty of expressing oneself using language. People with Broca’s aphasia may not produce any language output, or they may be able to generate habitual phrases, such as “Hello. How are you?” or make brief meaningful statements and may be able to produce emotional speech (e.g., obscenities, curses) when upset. People with Broca’s aphasia are usually aware of their language difficulties and are frustrated by their inability to produce normal language. Writing is usually as impaired as speaking. The ability to understand the spoken language and to read is spared. Motor, expressive, and nonfluent aphasia are synonymous with Broca’s aphasia.

4. Which of the following best defines anosognosia?
5. Severe hemiparesis
6. Hemilateral personal neglect
7. Denial of functional deficits in the paretic limb
8. Visual spatial neglect
9. Constructional apraxia

ANS: C

Rationale: Anosognosia is the denial of functional deficits in a paretic limb.