Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Diffuse axonal injuries (DAIs) of the brain often result in:

a.	Reduced levels of consciousness	c.	Fine motor tremors
b.	Mild but permanent dysfunction	d.	Visual disturbances

 

 

ANS:  A

Focal brain injuries account for more than two-thirds of head injury deaths; DAIs accounts for less than one third. However, more severely disabled survivors, including those in an unresponsive state or reduced level of consciousness, have DAIs. The other options do not appropriately complete the stem.

 

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2. What event is most likely to occur to the brain in a classic cerebral concussion?

a.	Brief period of vital sign instability
b.	Cerebral edema throughout the cerebral cortex
c.	Cerebral edema throughout the diencephalon
d.	Disruption of axons extending from the diencephalon and brainstem

 

 

ANS:  A

Transient cessation of respiration can occur with brief periods of bradycardia, and a decrease in blood pressure occurs, lasting 30 seconds or less. Vital signs stabilize within a few seconds to within normal limits. The other options do not accurately describe an event associated with a classic cerebral concussion.

 

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3. Which disorder has clinical manifestations that include decreased consciousness for up to 6 hours, as well as retrograde and posttraumatic amnesia?

a.	Mild concussion	c.	Cortical contusion
b.	Classic concussion	d.	Acute subdural hematoma

 

 

ANS:  B

Evidence of a classic concussion is the immediate loss of consciousness, which lasts less than 6 hours. Retrograde and anterograde (posttraumatic) amnesia is also present. The other options do not apply.

 

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4. What group is most at risk of spinal cord injury from minor trauma?

a.	Children	c.	Adults
b.	Adolescents	d.	Older adults

 

 

ANS:  D

Because of preexisting degenerative vertebral disorders, older adults are particularly at risk for minor trauma, resulting in serious spinal cord injury, especially from falls. The risk to the other age groups is less than that of the older adult.

 

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5. The edema of the upper cervical cord after spinal cord injury is considered life threatening because of which possible outcome?

a.	Hypovolemic shock from blood lost during the injury
b.	Breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
c.	Head injury that likely occurred during the injury
d.	Spinal shock immediately after the injury

 

 

ANS:  B

In the cervical region, spinal cord swelling may be life threatening because of the possibility of resulting impairment of the diaphragm function (phrenic nerves exit C3-C5). The other options do not appropriately explain the threat.

 

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