Chapter 19: Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Chapter 19: Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

ANS:  A

Left-sided heart failure is characterized by pulmonary congestion and edema. Right-sided heart failure is characterized by congestion in the systemic venous system that increases systemic vascular resistance. Jugular vein distention is a classic sign of right-sided heart failure. Peripheral edema is seen in right-sided failure.

REF:   Pg. 414

2. The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is

ANS:  D

Digitalis may be used for symptom management of heart failure. Cardiac glycosides directly inhibit the sodium-potassium pump present in the cell membrane of all cells. The intracellular changes allow more calcium to remain in the cell, thus strengthening myocardial contraction. Contractility is not improved through afterload reduction. Beta-blockers inhibit the effects of sympathetic activation and have the potential to reduce cardiac output. Preload reduction is not the therapy of choice in improving cardiac contractility.

REF:   Pg. 418

3. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

ANS:  D

Right ventricular hypertrophy is the direct result of pulmonary disorders that increase pulmonary vascular resistance and impose a high afterload on the right ventricle. Aortic stenosis does not lead to right ventricular hypertrophy. Aortic regurgitation is not associated with right ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is not a compensatory response to tricuspid stenosis.

REF:   Pg. 411

4. The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

ANS:  B

The common manifestation of all forms of heart failure is the failure of the heart to pump blood adequately. The clinical presentation may differ depending on which ventricle fails (left or right, or both). Poor diastolic filling is not seen in all forms of heart failure. Pulmonary edema is seen in left-sided failure. Tissue ischemia is directly related to myocardial infarction, which may induce heart failure.

REF:   Pg. 413