Chapter 19: Nutrition for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders

Chapter 19: Nutrition for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The best place for a patient with Alzheimer’s disease to eat would be

a.	in front of the television.
b.	at a table with a caregiver.
c.	at a table with several dining companions.
d.	alone in a quiet room.

 

 

ANS:  B

Eating at a table with a caregiver is most likely to encourage adequate nutritional intake. Other dining companions or television may distract the patient and decrease food intake. A patient with Alzheimer’s disease may become confused or forget to eat if he or she is alone.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Page 401

TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning| Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  Client Needs: Psychosocial integrity

 

2. An example of a meal that may be beneficial for cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is

a.	baked salmon and spinach salad.
b.	scrambled eggs and whole-grain toast.
c.	cottage cheese and applesauce.
d.	calves’ liver and onions.

 

 

ANS:  A

Foods with high levels of antioxidants (e.g., spinach) and omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., salmon) may help improve cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Patients do not need to be restricted to soft foods. Calves’ liver is a good source of iron but has no specific benefit for Alzheimer’s disease.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Page 399 | Page 401

TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning| Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  Client Needs: Psychosocial integrity | Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

 

3. If a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is having difficulty speaking and is losing weight, it would be important to evaluate

a.	his or her resting energy expenditure.
b.	his or her appetite and interest in food.
c.	whether he or she has diarrhea and malabsorption.
d.	his or her ability to swallow.

 

 

ANS:  D

As ALS progresses, many affected patients have difficulty swallowing; difficulty speaking may be associated with loss of function of nerves in this area. It may be helpful to measure resting energy expenditure, but this would be secondary to evaluating their ability to swallow. The patient may have diminished appetite, but whether they should be encouraged to eat depends on whether they have dysphagia. Diarrhea and malabsorption do not usually occur in patients with ALS.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Pages 401-402

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment| Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological integrity

 

4. Whenever possible, comatose patients should be fed

a.	a full liquid diet.
b.	enterally.
c.	through peripheral parenteral nutrition.
d.	through central parenteral nutrition.

 

 

ANS:  B

Comatose patients should be fed enterally whenever possible to maintain integrity of the gut. Parenteral nutrition is expensive, less physiologically sound, and unnecessary for most patients. Unconscious patients cannot be fed orally.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering        REF:   Page 402        TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological integrity

 

5. A child who is following a ketogenic diet to help control seizures is most likely to need help in coping with

a.	early satiety.
b.	hunger.
c.	nausea.
d.	lethargy.

 

 

ANS:  B

Children following a ketogenic diet and their families are likely to need support in dealing with hunger because ketogenic diets are low in volume and energy intake is usually restricted. They are unlikely to experience early satiety with the small amount of food; nausea and lethargy are not common problems.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying               REF:   Page 402 | Page 406

TOP:   Nursing Process: Implementation     MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological integrity