Chapter 19: Role of the Kidneys in Long-Term Control of Arterial Pressure and in Hypertension: The Integrated System for Arterial Pressure Regulation

Chapter 19: Role of the Kidneys in Long-Term Control of Arterial Pressure and in Hypertension: The Integrated System for Arterial Pressure Regulation

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

1. A 65-year-old female with a 10-year history of essential hypertension visits her physician for an examination. Laboratory test results indicate that the patient has a plasma rennin activity 2-3 times higher than normal. The patient is given a prescription for an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker (ARB). Which one of the following would you expect to occur in this patient following administration of the ARB?

1. Increase in total peripheral resistance
2. Increase in arterial pressure
3. Increase in plasma renin activity
4. Increase in aldosterone
5. Decrease in kidney’s ability to excrete sodium

ANS: C

2. A 55-year-old female with a five year history of hypertension visits her physician for an examination. Laboratory test results indicate that the patient has a plasma rennin activity 3-4 times higher than normal. The patient is given a prescription for Captopen, an angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. An increase in which one of the following would you expect to occur in this patient following administration of the ACE inhibitor?

1. Total peripheral resistance
2. Arterial pressure
3. Angiotensin I
4. Aldosterone
5. Atrial natriuretic peptide

ANS: C

3. Which of the following set of changes would be expected to decrease sodium excretion by the kidney?

Nitric Oxide                Renal Sympathetic                 Angiotensin II

Nerve Activity

1. ­                                  ­                                              ­
2. ­                                  ¯                                              ­
3. ­                                  ¯                                              ¯
4. ­                                  ­                                              ¯
5. ¯                                  ¯                                              ¯
6. ¯                                  ­                                              ¯
7. ¯                                  ­                                              ­
8. ¯                                  ¯                                              ­

ANS: G

4. A healthy 22-year-old female medical student with normal kidneys increases her sodium intake by 300% for a period of two months. Which of the following is expected to occur in response to the increase in sodium intake?

1. A decrease in arterial pressure
2. A decrease in plasma renin activity
3. A decrease in sodium excretion
4. A decrease in nitric oxide
5. A decrease in atrial natriuretic peptide

ANS: B