Chapter 19: Support Systems: Blood Supply and Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Chapter 19: Support Systems: Blood Supply and Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

1. Which of the following is(are) the function(s) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system?
2. To provide water and certain amino acids to the extracellular fluid
3. To supply specific ions to the extracellular fluid
4. To provide buoyancy to the brain
5. A and B
6. A, B, and C

ANS: E

Rationale: The CSF system works to regulate the extracellular milieu by supplying water, amino acids, and specific ions to the extracellular fluid. In addition, the buoyancy provided by the CSF provides protects the brain by absorbing some of the impact when the head is struck.

2. What structure is above the body of the lateral ventricle?
3. Thalamus
4. Hypothalamus
5. Caudate
6. Corpus callosum
7. Lenticular nucleus

ANS: D

Rationale: The lateral ventricles are formed by the caudate nucleus laterally, with the tail of the caudate above the inferior horn. Below the lateral ventricle is the thalamus and above is the corpus callosum.

3. Where is CSF normally found?
4. In the subarachnoid space
5. Between the dura and the skull
6. In the subdural space
7. Between the pia mater and the brain
8. None of the above

ANS: A

Rationale: CSF flows from the lateral ventricles into the third ventricle via the interventricular foramina and then into the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct. After exiting the fourth ventricle, CSF enters the subarachnoid space, where it flows around the brain and spinal cord.

4. Vertebrobasilar artery ischemia is associated with:
5. Diplopia
6. Ataxia
7. Weakness
8. Oropharyngeal dysfunction
9. All of the above

ANS: E

Rationale: The most common signs of vertebrobasilar artery ischemia are gait and limb ataxia, limb weakness, oculomotor palsies, and oropharyngeal dysfunction. Other frequent signs and symptoms are loss of vision, double vision, numbness, dizziness, vertigo, headache, and vomiting.

5. Lacunar infarctions:
6. Are due to hemorrhage.
7. Typically result in severe residual disability.
8. Produce small avascular cavities in the brain.
9. Are a form of TIAs.
10. Occur most often in the anterior cerebral artery.

ANS: C

Rationale: Obstructions of blood flow in small, deep arteries result in lacunar infarctions. Lacunae are small cavities that remain after the necrotic tissue is cleared away. These infarctions occur most often in the basal ganglia, internal capsule, thalamus, and brainstem. Signs of lacunar infarctions develop slowly and are often either purely motor or purely sensory, with good recovery being common.