Pharmacology Clear And Simple A Guide to Drug 2nd Edition By Watkins
Pharmacology Clear And Simple A Guide to Drug 2nd Edition By Watkins
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Chapter 2. Basics of Pharmacology
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. The nurse is preparing to apply valacyclovir (Valtrex) ointment to the shingles lesions located across a client’s left side and lower back. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
| A. | Place the patient in a supine position. |
| B. | Determine when the rash was first noted. |
| C. | Ensure that the skin is clean and dry. |
| D. | Take the patient’s vital signs. |
____ 2. The nurse is providing care for a client at 32 weeks’ gestation who started low-molecular heparin injections after developing a deep vein thrombosis. The client asks the nurse, “Why do I have to take a shot? Why can’t I take the blood clot medicine that my dad takes orally?” Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?
| A. | “Anything that is fat-soluble, including warfarin (Coumadin), is able to cross the placental barrier. Heparin is not fat-soluble so it doesn’t cross the barrier well.” |
| B. | “The placenta is easily crossed by anything you take by mouth while you are pregnant, but not by things absorbed in other ways.” |
| C. | “Only water-soluble substances such as vitamins can cross the placental barrier, so you could take either medication, but heparin is cheaper.” |
| D. | “They are the same medication, but the shot is absorbed faster than the pill so the doctor wants you to take daily shots.” |
____ 3. The nurse is providing care to a client with HIV who has been prescribed fosamprenavir (Lexiva). Which of the following statements by the client indicates that further teaching is necessary?
| A. | “The metabolites of this medication may be excreted in active form.” |
| B. | “I’m glad my kidneys work so well; otherwise the medication wouldn’t work.” |
| C. | “This drug actually has to be broken down by my body to fight the virus.” |
| D. | “Isn’t it fascinating that my liver has to metabolize the drug for it to work?” |
____ 4. The nurse is working with a client who was recently started on insulin therapy. The client’s young daughter asks, “Why do you have to give her a shot? Why can’t you just give her a pill?” Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?
| A. | “Our bodies make insulin normally, so it is a liquid medication.” |
| B. | “We do have diabetic medications in pill form. I’m not sure why the doctor ordered it this way for your mom.” |
| C. | “Insulin is manufactured and given this way so it absorbs more rapidly into the body.” |
| D. | “The acid in your mother’s stomach would destroy this medication, so it can’t be swallowed.” |
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
TOP: Therapeutic Classification: Medication Provision; antivirals
KEY: Analysis MSC: NCLEX Category: Pharmacological Therapies
NOT: See Absorption (p. 15). When administering an ointment for a rash, make sure the skin is clean and dry.
TOP: Therapeutic Classification: Anticoagulant therapy KEY: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX Category: Pharmacological Therapies
NOT: See Distribution (p. 16): The blood-placental barrier helps to filter drugs and other substances passing from mother to fetus. Most lipid-soluble drugs readily cross this barrier but water-soluble drugs do not. Warfarin (Coumadin) is fat-soluble and crosses the placental barrier while heparin does not. They are not the same medication and cost is not part of the therapeutic decision.
TOP: Therapeutic Classification: Medication Administration; antivirals
KEY: Analysis MSC: NCLEX Category: Pharmacological Therapies
NOT: See Metabolism (p. 16): The liver does most of the work of drug metabolism. In some instances, a drug is administered in its inactive form to become activated through metabolism. This category of drugs is known as prodrugs. An example of a prodrug is fosamprenavir (Lexiva).
TOP: Therapeutic Classification: Antidiabetics KEY: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX Category: Pharmacological Therapies
NOT: See Metabolism (p. 16): Insulin given by mouth is virtually useless; stomach acid breaks down insulin to an inactive form before it can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Oral diabetic medications are not forms of insulin; they stimulate the pancreas to release insulin.
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