Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 2- Concepts of Altered Health in Children
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | New parents were just told by their physician that their son is two standard deviations above the mean. The parents later asked the nurse what that means. The nurse will explain by stating, | |
| A) | “If your child is one standard deviation from the norm that translates to mean, he will be taller than 50% of his peers.” | |
| B) | “This is great news since it means you will have a larger baby than most.” | |
| C) | “Being two standard deviations above the mean translates into that your child will likely be taller than 95% of children in the population.” | |
| D) | “With the mean being average at 50%, two standard deviations means that your child will be at least 99.7% taller than his brother.” | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The standard deviation determines how far a value varies or deviates from the mean. The points one standard deviation above or below the mean should include 68% of all values and two standard deviations 95% of all values. If a child’s height is within one standard deviation of the mean, he is as tall as 68% of children in the population. | ||
| 2. | A woman has recently determined that she is pregnant, and her clinician believes that the conception occurred around 8 weeks prior. Since the embryo is in the third stage of embryonic development, which of the following events and processes in growth and development would be expected to be taking place? | |
| A) | Transition from a morula to a blastocyst | |
| B) | Ossification of the skeleton and acceleration of body length growth | |
| C) | Rapid eye movement and early support of respiration | |
| D) | Formation of upper limbs and opening of the eyes | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Limb formation and eye opening are associated with the third stage of the embryonic stage of development. The transition from a morula to a blastocyst occurs before the second week of gestation, while ossification of the skeleton and acceleration of body length growth do not take place until the early fetal period. Rapid eye movement and early pulmonary function emerge during the 26th through 29th weeks. | ||
| 3. | A midwife who is providing care for a woman during her first pregnancy is assessing for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) during an early prenatal checkup. Which of the following questions best addresses the risks for IUGR? | |
| A) | “What does your typical diet look like over the course of a day?” | |
| B) | “What is the highest level of education that you’ve finished?” | |
| C) | “Are there many people in your life that you can count on for help and support?” | |
| D) | “How would you describe your mood since you’ve been pregnant?” | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Nutrition is a key aspect in the prevention of IUGR. Educational level, the presence or absence of support systems, and psychosocial health may all have ramifications that could affect fetal development, but they have a less direct bearing than maternal nutrition. | ||
| 4. | Which of the following assessment findings of a male infant 14 hours postpartum would be considered abnormal and would require further assessment and possible intervention? | |
| A) | The baby’s first stool appears to contain blood. | |
| B) | The child is unable to breathe through his mouth. | |
| C) | The baby’s skin has a yellowish orange hue. | |
| D) | The child’s suck is weak when placed at his mother’s breast. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| While not an uncommon event in early postnatal life, jaundice requires further assessment and possibly intervention. Meconium often contains blood, and young infants are exclusive nose breathers. A child’s suck is frequently weak before it becomes established in the days to follow. | ||
| 5. | A nurse is performing a 5-minute Apgar score on a newborn female. Which of the following characteristics of the infant’s current condition would not be reflected in the child’s Apgar score? | |
| A) | The baby’s heart rate is 122 beats/minute. | |
| B) | The infant displays a startle reflex when the crib is accidentally kicked. | |
| C) | The child’s temperature is 35.0°C (95°F) by axilla. | |
| D) | The infant’s skin is pink in color. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| While heart rate, color, and presence or absence of crying are all assessment criteria in the determination of an Apgar score, temperature is not a parameter that is measured. | ||
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