Chapter 20: Fluids and Electrolytes

Chapter 20: Fluids and Electrolytes

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. What percentage of an adult’s body weight consists of water?

a.	10% to 20%
b.	30% to 40%
c.	50% to 60%
d.	70% to 80%

 

 

ANS:  C

The percentage of water declines to 50% to 60% in adults.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   Page 660        OBJ:   1

TOP:   Fluids             KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

2. When administering intravenous (IV) fluids, the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult. When could dehydration become lethal?

a.	If the patient loses 5% of body fluid
b.	If the patient loses 10% of body fluid
c.	If the patient loses 15% of body fluid
d.	If the patient loses 20% of body fluid

 

 

ANS:  D

A loss of 20% of body fluid in an adult is fatal.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   Page 661        OBJ:   1

TOP:   Fluids             KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

3. The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined. What do they combine to form?

a.	Intercellular compartment
b.	Circulating compartment
c.	Vertical compartment
d.	Extracellular compartment

 

 

ANS:  D

The fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined to form the extracellular compartment.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   Page 661        OBJ:   1

TOP:   Fluid compartments                         KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

4. The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis. What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?

a.	1000 mL
b.	1500 mL
c.	2050 mL
d.	2500 mL

 

 

ANS:  D

Daily fluid intake and output is about 2200-2700 mL/day, and urinary output is about 1000-2000 mL/day.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   Page 662        OBJ:   1

TOP:   Fluids             KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

5. The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency. In order for the kidneys to remove waste, what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?

a.	10 mL
b.	20 mL
c.	30 mL
d.	40 mL

 

 

ANS:  C

The kidneys must excrete a minimum of 30 mL/hour to eliminate waste products.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   Page 662        OBJ:   6

TOP:   Fluids             KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity