Chapter 20: Kidney

Chapter 20: Kidney

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. This nephrectomy specimen shows a lesion in the kidney of a 63-year-old man. The lesion is most likely related to a(n)

1. deletion of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene
2. mutation of myc oncogene
3. amplification of ras oncogene
4. loss of bcl-2 proapoptotic gene
5. aflatoxin related carcinogen

ANS: A, The kidney contains a large renal cell carcinoma. These tumors contain large amounts of lipids, which accounts for their yellow color on gross examination and the clear appearance of cells in routine microscopic slides. Deletions of the von Hippel–Lindau mutations are found in most clear renal cell carcinomas.

2. The normal glomerular basement membrane is composed of which type of collagen?
3. Type I
4. Type II
5. Type III
6. Type IV
7. Type V

ANS: D, Similar to other basement membranes, the glomerular basement membrane is composed of collagen type IV. It is a helical molecule composed of six genetically distinct α chains (α₁ to α₆). Mutation of the gene for the α₅ chain of collagen type IV causes hereditary glomerulopathy of Alport syndrome.

3. A 5-year-old boy is taken to the pediatrician because of generalized facial edema and somnolence. He has been passing dark brown urine. Physical examination reveals hypertension. Urinalysis shows oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria, and red blood cell casts. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
4. Nephritic syndrome
5. Nephrotic syndrome
6. Rapidly progressive acute renal failure
7. Chronic uremia
8. Nephrolithiasis

ANS: A, These clinical findings are typical signs and symptoms associated with nephritic syndrome, which is most likely caused by acute glomerulonephritis