Chapter 22: Drugs Affecting Circulation: Antihypertensives, Antianginals, Antithrombotics

Chapter 22: Drugs Affecting Circulation: Antihypertensives, Antianginals, Antithrombotics

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Damage to vital body organs resulting from hypertension is called

a.	congestive heart failure.
b.	multiple organ/system failure.
c.	cardiovascular disease.
d.	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

 

 

ANS:  C

Hypertension adversely affects numerous body organs, including the heart, brain, kidney, and eye. Damage to these organ systems resulting from hypertension is termed cardiovascular disease. Uncontrolled hypertension increases cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality by increasing the risk of developing left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, retinopathy, and renal failure.

 

REF:   p. 371

 

2. Uncontrolled hypertension increases the risk of which of the following?
3. Myocardial infarction
4. Peripheral arterial disease
5. Angina
6. Stroke
7. Renal failure

 

a.	1 and 3 only
b.	2 and 4 only
c.	1, 4, and 5 only
d.	1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

 

 

ANS:  D

Uncontrolled hypertension increases cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality by increasing the risk of developing left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, retinopathy, and renal failure.

 

REF:   p. 371

 

3. What agents act to lower blood pressure by stopping the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

a.	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)
b.	Angiotensin II receptor blockers
c.	Diuretics
d.	b blockers

 

 

ANS:  A

ACEIs act primarily through suppression of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Because of a lack of renal blood flow, renin is released into the circulation, where it acts on angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I. In the pulmonary vasculature, angiotensin I is converted by angiotensin-converting enzyme to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a highly potent endogenous vasoconstrictor that also stimulates aldosterone secretion from the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex, contributing to sodium and water retention. Angiotensin II also stimulates the release of catecholamines from the adrenergic nerve endings and mediates the release of central sympathetic outflow. Angiotensin-converting enzyme is abundant in the endothelial cells of blood vessels and to a lesser extent in the kidneys. ACEIs block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by competing with the physiologic substrate angiotensin I for the active site of angiotensin-converting enzyme.

 

REF:   p. 372

 

4. The product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance defines

a.	arterial blood pressure.
b.	central venous pressure.
c.	afterload.
d.	preload.

 

 

ANS:  A

Arterial blood pressure, termed blood pressure, is generated by the interplay between blood flow and the resistance to blood flow. Arterial blood pressure reaches a peak during cardiac systole and a nadir at the end of diastole. Arterial blood pressure is defined hemodynamically as the product of cardiac output (heart rate ´ stroke volume) and total peripheral resistance.

 

REF:   p. 374

 

5. Hypertension in adults is defined as a blood pressure greater than

a.	120/80 mm Hg.
b.	130/85 mm Hg.
c.	140/90 mm Hg.
d.	160/100 mm Hg.

 

 

ANS:  C

More than 1 billion people worldwide and 1 in every 4 Americans have high blood pressure (=140/90 mm Hg).

 

REF:   p. 372