Chapter 22: Growth and Development

Chapter 22: Growth and Development

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A student nurse who works in a pediatric clinic is assisting with an assessment on a young child who is not yet walking. She knows that it is considered a delayed gross motor ability if the child does not walk by _____ months.

ANS:   C

A critical period of development refers to a specific phase or period when the presence of a function or reasoning has its greatest effect on a specific aspect of development. For example, if a child does not walk by the age of 20 months, there is delayed gross motor ability, which slows exploration and manipulation of the environment. The success or failure experienced within a phase affects the child’s ability to complete the next phases.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)

REF:    569

OBJ:    Describe the growth and development changes that occur in individuals from conception through old age.                             TOP:    Nursing Process: Diagnosis

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. According to one growth and development theorist, individuals need to accomplish a particular task before successfully completing the stage of growth and development. Each task is framed with opposing conflicts, such as trust versus mistrust. Who developed this theory?

ANS:   C

Erik Erikson divided life into eight stages, known as Erikson’s eight stages of development. According to this theory, individuals need to accomplish a particular task before successfully completing each stage. Each task is framed with opposing conflicts, such as trust versus mistrust. Each stage builds upon the successful attainment of the previous developmental conflict. Freud’s psychoanalytic model of personality development is grounded in the belief that two internal biological forces drive the psychological change in a child: sexual (libido) and instinctive forces. Each of the five stages is associated with a pleasurable zone, serving as the focus of gratification. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) developed the theory of cognitive development, which describes children’s intellectual organization and how they think, reason, and perceive the world. The theory includes four periods: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations and formal operations. Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) expanded on Piaget’s work. According to Kohlberg (1964), moral development is one component of psychosocial development. It involves the reasons an individual makes a decision about right and wrong behaviors within a culture.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)

REF:    569 | 570

OBJ:    Compare the frameworks for growth and development as described by major developmental theorists.                                    TOP:    Nursing Process: Diagnosis

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. This model of personality development is grounded in the belief that two internal biological forces drive the psychological change in a child: sexual (libido) and aggressive energies. Who is responsible for developing this theory?

ANS:   A

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) provided the first formal structured theory of personality development. Freud’s psychoanalytic model of personality development is grounded in the belief that two internal biological forces drive the psychological change in a child: sexual (libido) and aggressive energies. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) developed the theory of cognitive development, which describes children’s intellectual organization and how they think, reason, and perceive the world. The theory includes four periods: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations. Erik Erikson divided life into eight stages, known as Erikson’s eight stages of development. According to this theory, individuals need to accomplish a particular task before successfully completing each stage. Each task is framed with opposing conflicts, such as trust versus mistrust. Each stage builds upon the successful attainment of the previous developmental conflict. Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) expanded on Piaget’s work. According to Kohlberg (1964), moral development is one component of psychosocial development. It involves the reasons an individual makes a decision about right and wrong behaviors within a culture.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)

REF:    569 | 570

OBJ:    Compare the frameworks for growth and development as described by major developmental theorists.                                    TOP:    Nursing Process: Diagnosis

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. Which of the following people developed the theory of cognitive development that describes children’s intellectual organization and how they think, reason, and perceive the world?

ANS:   B

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) developed the theory of cognitive development, which describes children’s intellectual organization and how they think, reason, and perceive the world. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) provided the first formal structured theory of personality development. Freud’s psychoanalytic model of personality development is grounded in the belief that two internal biological forces drive the psychological change in a child: sexual (libido) and aggressive energies. Erik Erikson divided life into eight stages, known as Erikson’s eight stages of development. According to this theory, individuals need to accomplish a particular task before successfully completing each stage. Each task is framed with opposing conflicts, such as trust versus mistrust. Each stage builds upon the successful attainment of the previous developmental conflict. Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) expanded on Piaget’s work. According to Kohlberg (1964), moral development is one component of psychosocial development. It involves the reasons an individual makes a decision about right and wrong behaviors within a culture.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)

REF:    569 | 570

OBJ:    Compare the frameworks for growth and development as described by major developmental theorists.                                    TOP:    Nursing Process: Diagnosis

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance