Chapter 22: Nutrition in Critical Care
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Chapter 22: Nutrition in Critical Care

Nutrition And Diet Therapy- 6th Edition by Carroll A. Lutz and Erin E. Mazur

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Chapter 22: Nutrition in Critical Care

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

  1. The most critical requirement for a burn client is:
  2. Protein for healing
  3. Fluid for replacement
  4. Carbohydrate to spare protein
  5. Fat for kilocalories

 

Ans: 2

  Feedback
1. Although all nutrients are needed, fluid replacement is critical.
2. Although all nutrients are needed, fluid replacement is critical.
3. Although all nutrients are needed, fluid replacement is critical.
4. Although all nutrients are needed, fluid replacement is critical.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

 

 

  1. Malnutrition is commonly seen in clients with pulmonary disease for which of the following reasons?
  2. These clients customarily make very poor food choices.
  3. These clients may need much more energy than a healthy person needs to breathe.
  4. Many of these clients sleep so much they forget to eat.
  5. Many of these clients use a disproportional amount of their food energy to support their extraordinarily powerful immune systems.

 

Ans: 2

  Feedback
1. Clients with pulmonary disease frequently have an inadequate food intake related to anorexia, shortness of breath, or gastrointestinal distress, not poor food choices.
2. Clients with pulmonary disease may use 10 times the amount of calories to breathe than those without pulmonary disease.
3. Sleep is not a factor related to malnutrition in clients with pulmonary disease. Clients experience inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells, leading to fatigue and thus inadequate intake.
4. Clients with pulmonary disease do not have more powerful immune systems. Malnutrition increases the risk for respiratory infections. Shortness of breath during food preparation and consumption of meals may limit kilocalorie intake.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

  1. Experts advocate the following when refeeding a malnourished client:
  2. Rapidly replenishing lost protein with foods of high biological value
  3. Progressing the rate, volume, and concentration of a tube feeding with every feeding
  4. Pushing a liberal intake of water and other hypotonic fluids
  5. Correcting any electrolyte imbalances before aggressive nutritional therapy is begun

 

Ans: 4

  Feedback
1. Refeeding should be slow with circulating volume restored, along with monitoring pulse rate and intake and output before initiating nutritional support.
2. Concentration, volume, and rate of kilocalorie intake need to be increased one at a time, not all once.
3. Circulatory volume needs to be restored before initiating nutritional support. The exact plan depends on the client’s status.
4. Electrolytes should be identified and corrected before nutritional support is started.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

 

 

  1. A person with burns over 55% of his or her body has a stress factor of 2. This means that he or she requires:
  2. Two grams of protein per kilogram of body weight
  3. Two times as much fat intake as usual
  4. 200% of the usual resting energy expenditure
  5. 110 kilocalories per pound of body weight

 

Ans: 3

  Feedback
1. Stress factor influences the number of kilocalories needed, not protein. A client with burns over more than 50% of the body has a stress factor of 2.0. This means kilocaloric need is twice (200%) his or her resting energy expenditure.
2. Stress factor influences the number of kilocalories needed, not fat. A client with burns over more than 50% of the body has a stress factor of 2.0. This means kilocaloric need is twice (200%) his or her resting energy expenditure.
3. A client with burns over more than 50% of the body has a stress factor of 2.0. This means kilocaloric need is twice (200%) his or her resting energy expenditure.
4. A client with burns more than 50% of the body has a stress factor of 2.0. This means kilocaloric need is twice (200%) his or her resting energy expenditure. The number of kilocalories needed must be calculated based on the resting energy expenditure, activity factor and stress factor. The clients’ height and weight are needed for the calculation.

KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application

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