Chapter 23: Cancer Development

Chapter 23: Cancer Development

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse includes which information about benign tumors when presenting an in-service on cancer?

a.	They can wander far throughout the body.
b.	They are smaller than 2 cm.
c.	They retain a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio.
d.	They look different from the tissue they arose from.

 

 

ANS:  C

Benign tumors are made up of normal cells growing in the wrong place or growing when they are not needed. Benign tumors retain the characteristics of normal cells in that they do not migrate in the body, they retain a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, and they look similar to the tissue from which they arose. Size is not related to malignancy or to being benign.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding               REF:   p. 398

TOP:   Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity (Physiological Adaptation—Pathophysiology)

MSC:  Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

 

2. In reviewing the pathophysiology of a particular type of cancer, the nurse correlates the generation time for cancer development with which description?

a.	The rate at which cancer cells are able to migrate and metastasize to different sites
b.	How long it takes for a malignant tumor to double in size by mitotic cell divisions
c.	The period of time needed for one cell to divide into two cells by mitosis
d.	The period of time between cell damage and expression of a malignancy

 

 

ANS:  C

Generation time is defined as the period of time necessary for one cell to complete a round of cell division.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering                       REF:   p. 397

TOP:   Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity (Physiological Adaptation—Pathophysiology)

MSC:  Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Analysis)

 

3. Which biologic characteristic is specific to normal differentiated adult cells but not to cancer cells?

a.	Anaplasia
b.	Hypertrophy
c.	Aneuploidy
d.	Loose adherence

 

 

ANS:  B

Some normal tissues increase in size by having individual cells get larger, a process called hypertrophy. Cancer cells tend to grow by hyperplasia. The other characteristics are associated with cancer cells.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding               REF:   p. 397

TOP:   Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity (Physiological Adaptation—Pathophysiology)

MSC:  Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Analysis)

 

4. A client states that his brain tumor is benign and does not need to be removed. What is the nurse’s best response?

a.	“As your tumor grows, it can damage your brain, so it should be removed.”
b.	“Benign tumors consist of normal cells, so removal is only for cosmetic purposes.”
c.	“Benign tumors turn into cancer, so they should be removed as soon as possible.”
d.	“Because benign tumors can migrate, they should be removed before they spread.”

 

 

ANS:  A

Even though benign tumors do not migrate (metastasize) or become cancerous, they can compromise or even destroy surrounding normal tissue. This is particularly a problem when a benign tumor arises in a location that does not expand to accommodate growth, such as in the skull.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application/Applying or higher               REF:   N/A

TOP:   Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity (Reduction of Risk Potential—Potential for Complications from Surgical Procedures and Health Alterations)

MSC:  Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Implementation)

 

5. Which comment made by a client with breast cancer indicates a need for clarification regarding cancer causes and prevention?

a.	“I will eat a low-fat, high-fiber diet from now on.”
b.	“Probably nothing I did or didn’t do caused this cancer.”
c.	“I hope my daughter doesn’t develop breast cancer.”
d.	“Regular mammograms on my other breast will prevent cancer.”

 

 

ANS:  D

Regular mammography can help detect breast cancer at an early stage, but it does not prevent breast cancer. For the most part, the specific cause of many cancers is unknown. Some associations have been noted with dietary habits. High fat, low fiber, high intake of red meat, and eating food with preservatives and other additives all have been suspected to contribute to carcinogenesis. Breast cancer has familial and hereditary forms.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application/Applying or higher               REF:   N/A

TOP:   Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance (Health and Wellness)

MSC:   Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning