Basic Pharmacology For Nurses,15th Edition by Bruce D. Clayton
Basic Pharmacology For Nurses,15th Edition by Bruce D. Clayton
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Chapter 23: Drugs Used to Treat Hypertension
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
MULTIPLE CHOICE
| A. | “Stop taking the medication immediately.” |
| B. | “Rise to a sitting or standing position slowly; your symptoms will resolve.” |
| C. | “I will schedule you to visit the health care provider today.” |
| D. | “Cut the pill in half and take a reduced dosage.” |
ANS: B
| Feedback | |
| A | Medications should not be stopped immediately unless a serious adverse effect occurs. |
| B | Dizziness is a common initial adverse effect of this medication, which is usually transient. The patient should be instructed to rise from a lying position slowly to avoid orthostatic hypotension and avoid falling. |
| C | Because this is a common occurrence with ACE inhibitors, there is no need for a visit. |
| D | A change in dosage will not alter the effect and should not be made without the advice of the primary care provider. |
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 362
TOP: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity
| A. | Weight loss of more than 2 pounds/week |
| B. | LDL-cholesterol levels have decreased. |
| C. | Urinary output is increased. |
| D. | Blood pressure has decreased. |
ANS: D
| Feedback | |
| A | Weight loss, although advisable for treatment of hypertension, is not affected by ARBs. |
| B | ARBs do not affect cholesterol levels. |
| C | Urine output is not affected by ARBs. |
| D | The primary therapeutic outcome expected from angiotensin II receptor antagonists is reduction of blood pressure to within a normal range. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists bind angiotensin II receptor sites in the vascular smooth muscle, brain, heart, kidneys, and adrenal gland. The blood pressure–elevating (vasoconstricting) and sodium-retaining effects of angiotensin II are thus blocked. |
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 368
TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity
| A. | Blocks alpha receptors throughout the body |
| B. | Increases the diuretic response in the renal tubules |
| C. | Reduces the sympathetic stimulation in cardiac muscle |
| D. | Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II |
ANS: C
| Feedback | |
| A | Beta blockers do not affect alpha receptors. |
| B | Beta blockers do not have a diuretic effect. |
| C | The beta-adrenergic blocking agents block beta receptor stimulation in the heart, which then inhibits cardiac response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. This results in a decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure. |
| D | ACE inhibitors are in the class of drugs that affects angiotensin conversion. |
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 363
TOP: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity
| A. | ACE inhibitors |
| B. | Diuretics |
| C. | Aldosterone receptor antagonists |
| D. | Beta-adrenergic blocking agents |
ANS: D
| Feedback | |
| A | ACE inhibitors do not affect respiratory function. |
| B | Diuretics have the effect of improving respiratory function in cases of CHF. |
| C | Aldosterone receptor antagonists do not affect respiratory function. |
| D | Beta-adrenergic blocking agents can cause bronchoconstriction, which will aggravate asthmatic conditions. |
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 363
TOP: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe, Effective Care Environment
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