CHAPTER 23: GASTROINTESTINAL ALTERATIONS

CHAPTER 23: GASTROINTESTINAL ALTERATIONS

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Sucking and swallowing are automatic reflexes at birth, but they come under voluntary control by how many weeks of age?

a.	2	c.	6
b.	4	d.	8

 

 

ANS:  C

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Sucking and swallowing do not come under voluntary control by 2 weeks of age.
B	Incorrect. Sucking and swallowing do not come under voluntary control by 4 weeks of age.
C	Correct. Sucking and swallowing are automatic reflexes at birth, but they come under voluntary control by 6 weeks of age as the nerves and muscles develop.
D	Incorrect. Sucking and swallowing do not come under voluntary control by 8 weeks of age.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 740 – Alterations in Motility         OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

2. The nurse will teach the caregivers about the need for small, frequent feedings by explaining to them that newborns and infants have:

a.	a slower metabolic rate than adults
b.	slower peristalsis
c.	decreased emptying rate
d.	a 10- to 20-milliliter stomach capacity at birth

 

 

ANS:  D

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Newborns and infants have a faster metabolic rate than adults.
B	Incorrect. Newborns and infants have greater peristalsis.
C	Incorrect. Newborns and infants have increased stomach emptying rate.
D	Correct. Newborns and infants need for small, frequent feedings because they have a 10- to 20-milliliter stomach capacity at birth.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 740 – Alterations in Motility         OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

3. A parent tells the pediatric nurse about her baby spitting up. The nurse will explain that regurgitation by infants is:

a.	unusual and must be checked out by the pediatrician
b.	common because the lower esophageal sphincter tone is decreased
c.	unusual if it occurs more than twice a day for a period of a week
d.	common because the baby has a shorter esophageal tube

 

 

ANS:  B

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Regurgitation by infants is common.
B	Correct. Regurgitation by infants is common because the lower esophageal sphincter tone is decreased or relaxed.
C	Incorrect. Regurgitation by infants is common.
D	Incorrect. Regurgitation by infants is common because the lower esophageal sphincter tone is decreased or relaxed.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 740 – Alterations in Motility

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

4. A parent asks why infants have so many soft stools. The nurse explains that this is caused by infants:

a.	secreting proportionately more fluids and absorbing less fluids than adults do
b.	having a totally liquid diet with no bulk or solids of any kind
c.	having a more sensitive bowel with greater peristaltic waves after any intake
d.	needing to take milk at such frequent intervals with stools following intake intervals

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct. Infants have so many soft stools because they secrete proportionately more fluids and absorb less fluids than adults due to having a proportionately shorter large intestine.
B	Incorrect. Infants do not have so many soft stools because they have a totally liquid diet with no bulk or solids of any kind.
C	Incorrect. Infants do not have so many soft stools because they have a more sensitive bowel with greater peristaltic waves after any intake.
D	Incorrect. Infants do not have so many soft stools because they need to take milk at such frequent intervals with stools following intake intervals.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 740 – Alterations in Motility

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

5. A mother wants to know why she can’t give her 1-month-old child cereal as the child seems hungry all the time. Which of the following is the nurse’s best response?

a.	Until 4 to 6 months of age, babies have insufficient amounts of the pancreatic enzyme amylase, the enzyme that initially digests carbohydrate.
b.	The baby would not drink enough milk if he filled his stomach up with cereal, and he would not thrive as well.
c.	Infants are allergic to all food substances except milk until they are 6 months of age and develop sufficient antibodies.
d.	Infants get too fat if they are started on cereal before 4 to 5 months of age, and then they have a tendency to remain fat throughout life.

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct. A 1-month-old child should not be fed cereal because babies have insufficient amounts of the pancreatic enzyme amylase, the enzyme that initially digests carbohydrates until 4 to 6 months of age.
B	Incorrect: Introduction of solid foods before 4 to 6 months of age can contribute to food allergies; increased calorie intake, resulting in an overweight infant; and the danger of choking.
C	Incorrect. Infants are not allergic to all food substances except milk until they are 6 months of age and develop sufficient antibodies. They may be allergic to some solid foods; therefore, introduction of solid foods before 4 to 6 months of age can contribute to food allergies.
D	Incorrect. Introduction of solid foods before 4 to 6 months of age can contribute to increased calorie intake, resulting in an overweight infant.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 740 – Alterations in Motility

OBJ:    Cognitive Level: Application