CHAPTER 23: STRESS, ANXIETY, ADAPTATION, AND CHANGE

CHAPTER 23: STRESS, ANXIETY, ADAPTATION, AND CHANGE

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse believes a client is experiencing a subjective response that occurs when a person experiences a threat to well-being. The client is most likely experiencing:

a.	a stressor.	c.	anxiety.
b.	stress.	d.	adaptation.

 

 

ANS:  C

Anxiety is a subjective response that occurs when a person experiences a threat to well-being. A stressor is any situation, event, or agent that threatens a person’s security. Stress is the body’s physiological reaction to any stimulus that evokes a change. Adaptation is an ongoing process by which individuals adjust to stressors in order to achieve equilibrium.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analysis         REF:   Stress, Anxiety, and Adaptation

 

2. A client tells the nurse that she strives for balance between her body, mind, and soul. The nurse realizes this client is describing a state of equilibrium among physiological, psychological, sociocultural, intellectual, and spiritual needs that is known as:

a.	adaptation.	c.	cognitive reframing.
b.	homeostasis.	d.	general adaptation syndrome.

 

 

ANS:  B

Homeostasis is equilibrium between physiological, psychological, sociocultural, intellectual, and spiritual needs. Adaptation is an ongoing process by which individuals adjust to stressors in order to achieve equilibrium. Cognitive reframing is a technique based on the theory that a person’s emotional response is determined by the meaning attached to an event. General adaptation syndrome is the physiological response to stress.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analysis         REF:   Stress, Anxiety, and Adaptation

 

3. A client is waiting for the results of diagnostic tests for cancer. Worrying about the diagnosis is likely to cause the client to experience which stage of the general adaptation syndrome first?

a.	Resistance	c.	Alarm
b.	Exhaustion	d.	Local adaptation syndrome

 

 

ANS:  C

The stressor of worrying about the diagnosis of cancer can initiate the general adaptation syndrome as a physiological response to stress. The first stage in the syndrome is alarm. This occurs when stressors are threatening or perceived to be threatening. The second stage, resistance, is when the fight-or-flight response occurs. The final stage of exhaustion occurs when the body has used up its adaptive energy and can no longer cope with the stressor. Local adaptation syndrome is not a stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analysis

REF:   Figure 23-1 Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome

 

4. A client, waiting to be seen by a physician in the emergency department, has an increase in blood pressure and pulse. The nurse realizes the client is experiencing which type of stress response?

a.	Fight-or-flight	c.	Equilibrium
b.	Local adaptation syndrome	d.	Homeostasis

 

 

ANS:  A

In the fight-or-flight response, there will be an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. The local adaptation syndrome is a localized area of inflammation to a body area. Equilibrium is a state of balance. Homeostasis is equilibrium between physiological, psychological, sociocultural, intellectual, and spiritual needs.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analysis

REF:    Figure 23-2 Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System