CHAPTER 23 The Immune System

CHAPTER 23 The Immune System

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

23.1•The capacity for the immune system to develop long-lasting protection against specific antigens is

 

1. self-recognition.

Answer: 2

 

Rationale: There are characteristics unique to the human immune system. Memory means that the immune system will have a residual set of cells specific to a specific antigen. These cells will respond again against that particular antigen if the antigen presents itself in the future. Self-recognition or tolerance is the ability of the immune system to differentiate between substances that are part of the person’s body and those that are foreign. Specificity refers to the ability of the immune system to react with a particular immune response to one antigen. Each new antigen stimulates a different immune response.

Diagnosis

Physiological Integrity

Analysis

 

23.2•An older client receives a pneumococcal vaccine immunization. This is an example of

 

1. artificial acquired active immunity.
2. natural passive immunity.
3. acquired passive immunity.
4. natural acquired immunity.

Answer: 1

 

Rationale: The pneumoncoccal vaccine immunization is an example of artificial acquired active immunity. The client is given the vaccine (agent) to stimulate antibody production by the client against 28 different strains of pneumococcus, the causative agent in most pneumonia cases in older adults. The client’s immune system is readied to guard against the specific strains of pneumococcus. An example of natural passive immunity is the transmission of maternal antibodies to the fetus through the placenta, giving the baby immunity for several months against diseases to which the mother is immune. Acquired passive immunity occurs when antibodies are given to a person. This occurs when a person receives an injection of gamma globulin to prevent a disease as in the case of a person exposed to hepatitis A. Natural acquired immunity occurs when the person has the actual disease, develops antibodies against the disease, and produces antibodies against that disease agent in the future.

Diagnosis

Physiological Integrity

Analysis

 

23.3•The white blood cells that have the ability for self-recognition, specificity, and memory are

 

Answer: 4

 

Rationale: The lymphocytes are the white blood cells involved with development of immunity and are the only cells that have the abilities associated with the immune response. Thrombocytes are not white blood cells but are platelets that are involved in clotting. Monocytes are white blood cells that become large phagocytic cells when stimulated and are active in inflammation. Neutrophils are white blood cells that directly fight against bacteria.

Diagnosis

Physiological Integrity

Analysis

 

23.4•An example of Type I hypersensitivity is

 

1. anaphylactic reaction to shrimp.
3. a drug reaction causing a rash.
4. dermatitis resulting from a response to a brand of soap.

Answer: 1

 

Rationale: Type I hypersensitivities occur immediately and may be life threatening. This is the case with an anaphylactic reaction. A drug reaction is a type II hypersensitivity, which occurs 15 to 30 minutes postexposure to the allergen. Glomerulonephritis is an example of a type III hypersensitivity in which antigen–antibody complexes circulate within the blood and tissue causing cellular and tissue injury. This reaction occurs 10 to 14 days after the exposure. In the case of glomerulonephritis, the kidney is damaged from immune complex deposits that occur in response to toxins produced in a streptococcal infection. Dermatitis is a type IV hypersensitivity, which is delayed hypersensitivity.

Diagnosis

Physiological Integrity

Analysis