Chapter 23: Vascular Surgery

Chapter 23: Vascular Surgery

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What properties enable arteries to compensate for changes in blood pressure and blood volume?

ANS:  D

The properties of elasticity and distensibility enable arteries to compensate for changes in blood pressure and volume. Because of the thicker muscle layer, severed arteries are capable of contracting and constricting enough to stop hemorrhage.

REF:   Page 969

2. Identify the venous structure that prevents blood backflow.

ANS:  A

Another difference between arteries and veins is the presence of semilunar intimal folds, or valves, in veins that prevent backflow.

REF:   Page 969

3. Patients with acute arterial insufficiency with occlusion usually present with the onset of the six P’s: sudden severe pain, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, pallor, and poikilothermia (coolness) of an extremity. This occlusion can be the result of which condition?

ANS:  B

Arterial insufficiency may result from an acute occlusion, as in embolic disease, or from the rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque, causing acute thrombosis of the vessel. Emboli usually arise from the heart as a result of atrial fibrillation but may occasionally result from a myocardial infarction (MI), where a clot forms on the endocardium (the lining of the heart) in an area of muscle damage. Atherosclerotic plaque can also detach from other areas and result in an acute arterial blockage.

REF:   Page 973

4. Patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) are not typically treated surgically as often as patients with arterial disease because:

ANS:  A

Patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) have not been treated surgically as often as patients with arterial disease for several reasons. CVI is generally not life-threatening or limb-threatening.

REF:   Page 975

5. What statement regarding risk factors for developing vascular disease is true?

ANS:  D

Arteriosclerosis is a natural part of the aging process and occurs when the walls of the arterial vasculature undergo changes such as increased thickness and hardening, reducing the elasticity of the arteries. Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis: hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus; relative risk factors include advanced age, male gender, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, sedentary lifestyle, and family history.