Chapter 24: Endocrine

Chapter 24: Endocrine

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The best characterized molecular abnormality in pituitary adenomas involves which of the following?
2. Cell surface receptors
3. G-proteins mediating signal transduction
4. Adenylate cyclase related cytoplasmic effectors
5. Nuclear receptors
6. DNA repair enzymes

ANS: B, G-protein mutations are the best characterized molecular abnormalities found in pituitary adenomas. G-proteins are involved in the transmission of signals from cell surface receptors stimulated with hypothalamic release factors and intracellular effectors, such as the adenylate cyclase system.

2. A 50-year-old man who is showing signs of acromegaly is found to have an elevated concentration of growth hormone and another hormone in blood that was apparently derived from the liver. Which other hormone is most likely increased in this patient’s blood?
3. Glucagon
4. Somatostatin
5. Insulin growth factor I
6. Cholecystokinin
7. Secretin

ANS: C, Growth hormone stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth hormone I (somatomedin C), which causes many of the clinical manifestations seen in patients with growth hormone–secreting pituitary adenomas.

3. Thyroid ophthalmopathy is typically found in patients who have which of the following disorders?

1. Graves disease
2. Multinodular goiter
3. Toxic (hyperfunctioning) adenoma of the thyroid
4. Hashimoto thyroiditis
5. Riedel thyroiditis

ANS: A, Thyroid ophthalmopathy, which is characterized by a wide-eyed staring gaze and exophthalmos, is a feature of Graves disease. It is not found in other forms of hyperthyroidism caused by multinodular goiter or toxic adenoma, or in hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto or Riedel thyroiditis.

4. Calcifications of the basal ganglia are complications associated with parkinsonian-like movement disorders and calcification of the lens with cataract formation. These complications are most often associated with which of the following conditions?
5. Parathyroid adenoma
6. Secondary parathyroid hyperplasia
7. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
8. Parathyroid carcinoma
9. Hypoparathyroidism

ANS: E, Hypothyroidism is associated with calcification of the basal ganglia, causing parkinsonian movement disorders and calcification of the lens. These are complications of hypoparathyroidism.