Chapter 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Chapter 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

ANS:  B

The kidneys can excrete any acid except carbonic acid. The kidneys are able to excrete metabolic acids and ammonia. The kidneys are able to excrete bicarbonate, but bicarbonate is a base, not an acid.

REF:   Pg. 541

2. The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by

ANS:  A

In metabolic alkalosis the lungs compensate by hypoventilation to conserve CO₂ in the body. Decreasing arterial carbon dioxide would worsen metabolic alkalosis. The respiratory system compensates for metabolic acid and base disturbances; the lungs do not increase bicarbonate ion excretion. Hyperventilation would blow off CO₂ and cause respiratory alkalosis.

REF:   Pg. 546

3. The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃^– = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

ANS:  C

The high pH, low PaCO₂, and normal HCO₃ indicate respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic and respiratory acidosis would decrease the pH. The HCO₃^– is normal, so no metabolic imbalance is indicated.

REF:   Pgs. 545-547

4. Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as

ANS:  D

Mixed acid-base disorders occur when two primary acid-base disorders are present independently. They may arise from simultaneous dysfunction of the respiratory system and kidneys. Metabolic acidosis is an acid disorder. Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis are base disorders.

REF:   Pg. 547