Chapter 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Chapter 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?
a. Metabolic
b. Carbonic
c. Bicarbonate
d. Ammonia
ANS: B
The kidneys can excrete any acid except carbonic acid. The kidneys are able to excrete metabolic acids and ammonia. The kidneys
are able to excrete bicarbonate, but bicarbonate is a base, not an acid.
REF: Pg. 541
2. The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by
a. hypoventilation.
b. decreasing arterial carbon dioxide.
c. increasing bicarbonate ion excretion.
d. hyperventilation.
ANS: A
In metabolic alkalosis the lungs compensate by hypoventilation to conserve CO2 in the body. Decreasing arterial carbon dioxide
would worsen metabolic alkalosis. The respiratory system compensates for metabolic acid and base disturbances; the lungs do not
increase bicarbonate ion excretion. Hyperventilation would blow off CO2 and cause respiratory alkalosis.
REF: Pg. 546
3. The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO2 = 30 mm Hg, HCO3– = 24 mEq/L demonstrates
a. metabolic acidosis.
b. respiratory acidosis.
c. respiratory alkalosis.
d. mixed alkalosis.
ANS: C
The high pH, low PaCO2, and normal HCO3 indicate respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic and respiratory acidosis would decrease the
pH. The HCO3– is normal, so no metabolic imbalance is indicated.
REF: Pgs. 545-547
4. Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as
a. metabolic acidosis.
b. metabolic alkalosis.
c. respiratory alkalosis.
d. mixed acid-base imbalance.
ANS: D
Mixed acid-base disorders occur when two primary acid-base disorders are present independently. They may arise from
simultaneous dysfunction of the respiratory system and kidneys. Metabolic acidosis is an acid disorder. Metabolic and respiratory
alkalosis are base disorders.
REF: Pg. 547
5. Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to
a. metabolic alkalosis.
b. metabolic acidosis.
c. respiratory acidosis.
d. mixed acid-base disorders.
ANS: B
Diarrhea results in loss of bicarbonate and leads to metabolic acidosis. Loss of bicarbonate (a base) would not lead to metabolic
alkalosis. Respiratory conditions lead to respiratory acid and base disturbances; diarrhea is not a respiratory condition. Bicarbonate
loss through diarrhea would not lead to any respiratory acid/base disturbance.