Chapter 25: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Chapter 25: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A 10-month old infant has had watery green stool for 2 days and refuses the bottle. The nurse is aware that the primary concern for this baby is:

ANS:  A

Loss of bowel contents leads to metabolic acidosis. The child will lose weight and will probably have diaper rash, but the primary concern is the electrolyte imbalance.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   p. 499             OBJ:   Clinical Practice #1

TOP:   Dehydration   KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

2. The patient who was admitted after vomiting for 3 days would show an abnormally low blood pressure because of a fluid shift from:

ANS:  C

If intravascular fluid, a type of extracellular fluid within the blood vessels, shifts from the plasma in the vascular space out to the interstitial space, a drop in blood volume occurs.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 438             OBJ:   Theory #3

TOP:   Distribution of Body Fluids             KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

3. An isotonic state exists within a patient’s body fluids when the solute concentration of:

ANS:  B

When the intracellular and extracellular fluid has the same concentration of particles, the solution is called isotonic (equal solute concentration).

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 439             OBJ:   Theory #3

TOP:   Movement of Fluid                          KEY:  Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

4. The nurse is aware that an infant is more at risk for dehydration because the infant:

ANS:  B

Infants are more at risk for dehydration because they have a larger body surface compared with body weight. Their immature kidneys cannot reabsorb water as well as an adult, and fat does not absorb water.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 437             OBJ:   Clinical Practice #1

TOP:   Dehydration   KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

5. The nurse points out that nonelectrolyte products of metabolism are as important to health as electrolytes. Nonelectrolytes include:

ANS:  B

The nonelectrolytes that are products of metabolism and serve to promote health in the body are amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   p. 438             OBJ:   Theory #2

TOP:   Non electrolytes                              KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation