Chapter 25: The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction

Chapter 25: The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. A chest radiograph film is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The child’s parent asks the nurse, “What will the radiograph show about the heart?” The nurse’s response should be based on knowledge that the x-ray film will show:

a.	bones of chest but not the heart.
b.	measurement of electrical potential generated from heart muscle.
c.	permanent record of heart size and configuration.
d.	computerized image of heart vessels and tissues.

 

 

ANS:  C

A chest radiograph will provide information on the heart size and pulmonary blood-flow patterns. It will provide a baseline for future comparisons. The heart will be visible, as well as the sternum and ribs. Electrocardiography (ECG) measures the electrical potential generated from heart muscle. Echocardiography will produce a computerized image of the heart vessels and tissues by using sound waves.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand            REF:   835

TOP:   Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

 

2. The nurse is assessing a child after a cardiac catheterization. Which complication should the nurse be assessing for?

a.	Cardiac arrhythmia
b.	Hypostatic pneumonia
c.	Heart failure
d.	Rapidly increasing blood pressure

 

 

ANS:  A

Because a catheter is introduced into the heart, a risk exists of catheter-induced dysrhythmias occurring during the procedure. These are usually transient. Hypostatic pneumonia, heart failure, and rapidly increasing blood pressure are not risks usually associated with cardiac catheterization.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply                   REF:   853

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

 

3. José is a 4-year-old child scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Preoperative teaching should be:

a.	directed at his parents because he is too young to understand.
b.	detailed in regard to the actual procedures so he will know what to expect.
c.	done several days before the procedure so that he will be prepared.
d.	adapted to his level of development so that he can understand.

 

 

ANS:  D

Preoperative teaching should always be directed at the child’s stage of development. The caregivers also benefit from the same explanations. The parents may ask additional questions, which should be answered, but the child needs to receive the information based on developmental level. Preschoolers will not understand in-depth descriptions and should be prepared close to the time of the cardiac catheterization.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply                   REF:   822

TOP:   Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

4. Which explanation regarding cardiac catheterization is appropriate for a preschool child?

a.	Postural drainage will be performed every 4 to 6 hours after the test.
b.	It is necessary to be completely “asleep” during the test.
c.	The test is short, usually taking less than 1 hour.
d.	When the procedure is done, you will have to keep your leg straight for at least 4 hours.

 

 

ANS:  D

The child’s leg will have to be maintained in a straight position for approximately 4 hours. Younger children can be held in the parent’s lap with the leg maintained in the correct position. Postural drainage will not be performed unless the child has corresponding pulmonary problems. The child should be sedated to lie still, but being completely asleep is not necessary. The test will vary in length of time from start to finish.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply                   REF:   823

TOP:   Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

5. The nurse is caring for a school-age child who has had a cardiac catheterization. The child tells the nurse that the bandage is “too wet.” The nurse finds the bandage and bed soaked with blood. The most appropriate initial nursing action is to:

a.	notify physician.
b.	apply new bandage with more pressure.
c.	place the child in Trendelenburg position.
d.	apply direct pressure above catheterization site.

 

 

ANS:  D

If bleeding occurs, direct continuous pressure is applied 2.5 cm (1 inch) above the percutaneous skin site to localize pressure over the vessel puncture. Notifying a physician and applying a new bandage can be done after pressure is applied. The nurse can have someone else notify the physician while the pressure is being maintained. It is not a helpful intervention to place the girl in the Trendelenburg position. It would increase the drainage from the lower extremities.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply                   REF:   823

TOP:   Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation