Chapter 27: Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ Failure

Chapter 27: Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ Failure

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Distinguishing between hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic pulmonary edema is often difficult, even for skilled clinicians.

ANS:  A

Unfortunately, because of similarities in clinical presentations, differentiating hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic pulmonary edema often is difficult for even the most skilled clinician.

DIF:    Recall             REF:   p. 600            OBJ:   7

2. The mortality rate for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has remained stable over the past two three decades.

ANS:  B

Despite uncertainties regarding the incidence of ARDS, it appears that the mortality associated with ARDS has declined over the past three decades from more than 90% to its present level of 30-40%.

DIF:    Recall             REF:   p. 600            OBJ:   1

3. Which of the following is not a risk factor for ARDS?

ANS:  D

See Box 27-1.

DIF:    Recall             REF:   p. 601            OBJ:   2

4. Which of the following factors are associated with a higher risk for ARDS?
5. gastric aspiration
6. multiple transfusions
7. septic shock
8. burn injury

ANS:  A

For example, gastric aspiration and septic shock (sepsis with refractory hypotension) are associated with a greater than 25% risk of ARDS, whereas the administration of multiple blood transfusions carries an ARDS risk of less than 5%.

DIF:    Recall             REF:   p. 601            OBJ:   2

5. According to the Starling’s equation, which forces influence the movement of fluid from the bloodstream to the interstitium?
6. microvascular hydrostatic pressure
7. interstitial osmotic pressure
8. microvascular osmotic pressure
9. interstitial hydrostatic pressure

ANS:  B

Under normal conditions, forces influencing the movement of fluid from the bloodstream to the interstitium of the lungs [microvascular hydrostatic pressure (P_mv) + interstitial osmotic pressure (TT_i)] are slightly greater than forces opposing this movement [microvascular osmotic pressure (TT_mv) + interstitial hydrostatic pressure (P_i)].

DIF:    Recall             REF:   p. 602            OBJ:   3